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	Author	Mazzini, Silvia; Puri, Stefano; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Formal Verification at System Level			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	In: DAta Systems In Aerospace (DASIA), Org. EuroSpace, Canadian Space Agency, CNES, ESA, EUMETSAT. Instanbul, Turkey, EuroSpace	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	System Level Analysis calls for a language comprehensible to experts with different background and yet precise enough to support meaningful analyses. SysML is emerging as an effective balance between such conflicting goals. In this paper we outline some the results obtained as for SysML based system level functional formal verification by an ESA/ESTEC study, with a collaboration among INTECS and La Sapienza University of Roma. The study focuses on SysML based system level functional requirements techniques.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Dasia09			Serial	20
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	Author	Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Optimal Finite State Supervisory Control			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1996	Publication	CDC '96: Proceedings of the 35th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Supervisory Controllers are Discrete Event Dynamic Systems (DEDSs) forming the discrete core of a Hybrid Control System. We address the problem of automatic synthesis of Optimal Finite State Supervisory Controllers (OSCs). We show that Boolean First Order Logic (BFOL) and Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) are an effective methodological and practical framework for Optimal Finite State Supervisory Control. Using BFOL programs (i.e. systems of boolean functional equations) and BDDs we give a symbolic (i.e. BDD based) algorithm for automatic synthesis of OSCs. Our OSC synthesis algorithm can handle arbitrary sets of final states as well as plant transition relations containing loops and uncontrollable events (e.g. failures). We report on experimental results on the use of our OSC synthesis algorithm to synthesize a C program implementing a minimum fuel OSC for two autonomous vehicles moving on a 4 x 4 grid.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IEEE Computer Society	Place of Publication	Washington, DC, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ cdc96			Serial	67
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	Author	Leeners, B.; Krueger, T.H.C.; Geraedts, K.; Tronci, E.; Mancini, T.; Egli, M.; Roeblitz, S.; Saleh, L.; Spanaus, K.; Schippert, C.; Zhang, Y.; Ille, F.
	Title	Associations Between Natural Physiological and Supraphysiological Estradiol Levels and Stress Perception			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Frontiers in Psychology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	10	Issue		Pages	1296
	Keywords
	Abstract	Stress is a risk factor for impaired general, mental and reproductive health. The role of physiological and supraphysiological estradiol concentrations in stress perception and stress processing is less well understood. We therefore, conducted a prospective observational study to investigate the association between estradiol, stress perception and stress-related cognitive performance within serial measurements either during the natural menstrual cycle or during fertility treatment, where estradiol levels are strongly above the physiological level of a natural cycle and consequently, represent a good model to study dose-dependent effects of estradiol. Data from 44 women receiving in vitro fertilization at the Department of Reproductive Endocrinology in Zurich, Switzerland was compared to data from 88 women with measurements during their natural menstrual cycle. The german version of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Cognitive Bias Test (CBT), in which cognitive performance is tested under time stress were used to evaluate subjective and functional aspects of stress. Estradiol levels were investigated at four different time points during the menstrual cycle and at two different time points during a fertility treatment. Cycle phase were associated with PSQ worry and cognitive bias in normally cycling women, but different phases of fertility treatment were not associated with subjectively perceived stress and stress-related cognitive bias. PSQ lack of joy and PSQ demands related to CBT in women receiving fertility treatment but not in women with a normal menstrual cycle. Only strong changes of the estradiol level during fertility treatment were weakly associated with CBT, but not with subjectively experienced stress. Our research emphasises the multidimensional character of stress and the necessity to adjust stress research to the complex nature of stress perception and processing. Infertility is associated with an increased psychological burden in patients. However, not all phases of the process to overcome infertility do significantly increase patient stress levels. Also, research on the psychological burden of infertility should consider that stress may vary during the different phases of fertility treatment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1664-1078	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	MCLab @ davi @ ref10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01296			Serial	178
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	Author	Maggioli, F.; Mancini, T.; Tronci, E.
	Title	SBML2Modelica: Integrating biochemical models within open-standard simulation ecosystems			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2019	Publication	Bioinformatics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	36	Issue	7	Pages	2165â€“2172
	Keywords
	Abstract	SBML is the most widespread language for the definition of biochemical models. Although dozens of SBML simulators are available, there is a general lack of support to the integration of SBML models within open-standard general-purpose simulation ecosystems. This hinders co-simulation and integration of SBML models within larger model networks, in order to, e.g., enable in-silico clinical trials of drugs, pharmacological protocols, or engineering artefacts such as biomedical devices against Virtual Physiological Human models.Modelica is one of the most popular existing open-standard general-purpose simulation languages, supported by many simulators. Modelica models are especially suited for the definition of complex networks of heterogeneous models from virtually all application domains. Models written in Modelica (and in 100+ other languages) can be readily exported into black-box Functional Mock-Up Units (FMUs), and seamlessly co-simulated and integrated into larger model networks within open-standard language-independent simulation ecosystems.In order to enable SBML model integration within heterogeneous model networks, we present SBML2Modelica, a software system translating SBML models into well-structured, user-intelligible, easily modifiable Modelica models. SBML2Modelica is SBML Level 3 Version 2 -compliant and succeeds on 96.47% of the SBML Test Suite Core (with a few rare, intricate, and easily avoidable combinations of constructs unsupported and cleanly signalled to the user). Our experimental campaign on 613 models from the BioModels database (with up to 5438 variables) shows that the major open-source (general-purpose) Modelica and FMU simulators achieve performance comparable to state-of-the-art specialised SBML simulators.SBML2Modelica is written in Java and is freely available for non-commercial use at https://bitbucket.org/mclab/sbml2modelica
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1367-4803	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	MCLab @ davi @ ref10.1093/bioinformatics/btz860			Serial	179
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	Author	Brizzolari, Francesco; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Della Penna, Giuseppe
	Title	Disk Based Software Verification via Bounded Model Checking			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	APSEC '07: Proceedings of the 14th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	358-365
	Keywords
	Abstract	One of the most successful approach to automatic software verification is SAT based bounded model checking (BMC). One of the main factors limiting the size of programs that can be automatically verified via BMC is the huge number of clauses that the backend SAT solver has to process. In fact, because of this, the SAT solver may easily run out of RAM. We present two disk based algorithms that can considerably decrease the number of clauses that a BMC backend SAT solver has to process in RAM. Our experimental results show that using our disk based algorithms we can automatically verify programs that are out of reach for RAM based BMC.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IEEE Computer Society	Place of Publication	Washington, DC, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0-7695-3057-5	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Bmtd07			Serial	76
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	Author	Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Hardware Verification, Boolean Logic Programming, Boolean Functional Programming			Type	Conference Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Tenth Annual IEEE Symposium on Logic in Computer Science (LICS)	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	408-418
	Keywords
	Abstract	One of the main obstacles to automatic verification of finite state systems (FSSs) is state explosion. In this respect automatic verification of an FSS M using model checking and binary decision diagrams (BDDs) has an intrinsic limitation: no automatic global optimization of the verification task is possible until a BDD representation for M is generated. This is because systems and specifications are defined using different languages. To perform global optimization before generating a BDD representation for M we propose to use the same language to define systems and specifications. We show that first order logic on a Boolean domain yields an efficient functional programming language that can be used to represent, specify and automatically verify FSSs, e.g. on a SUN Sparc Station 2 we were able to automatically verify a 64 bit commercial multiplier.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IEEE Computer Society	Place of Publication	San Diego, California	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ lics95			Serial	56
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	Author	Cesta, Amedeo; Finzi, Alberto; Fratini, Simone; Orlandini, Andrea; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Validation and Verification Issues in a Timeline-based Planning System			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	In E-Proc. of ICAPS Workshop on Knowledge Engineering for Planning and Scheduling	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	One of the key points to take into account to foster effective introduction of AI planning and scheduling systems in real world is to develop end user trust in the related technologies. Automated planning and scheduling systems often brings solutions to the users which are neither Ã¢â‚¬Å“obviousÃ¢â‚¬Â nor immediately acceptable for them. This is due to the ability of these tools to take into account quite an amount of temporal and causal constraints and to employ resolution processes often designed to optimize the solution with respect to non trivial evaluation functions. To increase technology trust, the study of tools for verifying and validating plans and schedules produced by AI systems might be instrumental. In general, validation and verification techniques represent a needed complementary technology in developing domain independent architectures for automated problem solving. This paper presents a preliminary report of the issues concerned with the use of two software tools for formal verification of finite state systems to the validation of the solutions produced by MrSPOCK, a recent effort for building a timeline based planning tool in an ESA project.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Keps08			Serial	25
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	Author	Cesta, Amedeo; Finzi, Alberto; Fratini, Simone; Orlandini, Andrea; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Validation and verification issues in a timeline-based planning system			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	The Knowledge Engineering Review	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	25	Issue	03	Pages	299-318
	Keywords
	Abstract	One of the key points to take into account to foster effective introduction of AI planning and scheduling systems in real world is to develop end user trust in the related technologies. Automated planning and scheduling systems often brings solutions to the users which are neither Ã¢â‚¬Å“obviousÃ¢â‚¬Â nor immediately acceptable for them. This is due to the ability of these tools to take into account quite an amount of temporal and causal constraints and to employ resolution processes often designed to optimize the solution with respect to non trivial evaluation functions. To increase technology trust, the study of tools for verifying and validating plans and schedules produced by AI systems might be instrumental. In general, validation and verification techniques represent a needed complementary technology in developing domain independent architectures for automated problem solving. This paper presents a preliminary report of the issues concerned with the use of two software tools for formal verification of finite state systems to the validation of the solutions produced by MrSPOCK, a recent effort for building a timeline based planning tool in an ESA project.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Cambridge University Press	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Cffot10			Serial	18
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	Author	Fischer, S.; Ehrig, R.; Schaefer, S.; Tronci, E.; Mancini, T.; Egli, M.; Ille, F.; Krueger, T.H.C.; Leeners, B.; Roeblitz, S.
	Title	Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Provides Evidence for New Strategies of Ovarian Stimulation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Frontiers in Endocrinology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	12	Issue		Pages	117
	Keywords
	Abstract	New approaches to ovarian stimulation protocols, such as luteal start, random start or double stimulation, allow for flexibility in ovarian stimulation at different phases of the menstrual cycle. It has been proposed that the success of these methods is based on the continuous growth of multiple cohorts (“waves”) of follicles throughout the menstrual cycle which leads to the availability of ovarian follicles for ovarian controlled stimulation at several time points. Though several preliminary studies have been published, their scientific evidence has not been considered as being strong enough to integrate these results into routine clinical practice. This work aims at adding further scientific evidence about the efficiency of variable-start protocols and underpinning the theory of follicular waves by using mathematical modeling and numerical simulations. For this purpose, we have modified and coupled two previously published models, one describing the time course of hormones and one describing competitive follicular growth in a normal menstrual cycle. The coupled model is used to test ovarian stimulation protocols in silico. Simulation results show the occurrence of follicles in a wave-like manner during a normal menstrual cycle and qualitatively predict the outcome of ovarian stimulation initiated at different time points of the menstrual cycle.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1664-2392	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	MCLab @ davi @ ref10.3389/fendo.2021.613048			Serial	189
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	Author	Mancini, T.; Melatti, I.; Tronci, E.
	Title	Any-horizon uniform random sampling and enumeration of constrained scenarios for simulation-based formal verification			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-1
	Keywords
	Abstract	Model-based approaches to the verification of non-terminating Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) usually rely on numerical simulation of the System Under Verification (SUV) model under input scenarios of possibly varying duration, chosen among those satisfying given constraints. Such constraints typically stem from requirements (or assumptions) on the SUV inputs and its operational environment as well as from the enforcement of additional conditions aiming at, e.g., prioritising the (often extremely long) verification activity, by, e.g., focusing on scenarios explicitly exercising selected requirements, or avoiding </i>vacuity</i> in their satisfaction. In this setting, the possibility to efficiently sample at random (with a known distribution, e.g., uniformly) within, or to efficiently enumerate (possibly in a uniformly random order) scenarios among those satisfying all the given constraints is a key enabler for the practical viability of the verification process, e.g., via simulation-based statistical model checking. Unfortunately, in case of non-trivial combinations of constraints, iterative approaches like Markovian random walks in the space of sequences of inputs in general fail in extracting scenarios according to a given distribution (e.g., uniformly), and can be very inefficient to produce at all scenarios that are both legal (with respect to SUV assumptions) and of interest (with respect to the additional constraints). For example, in our case studies, up to 91% of the scenarios generated using such iterative approaches would need to be neglected. In this article, we show how, given a set of constraints on the input scenarios succinctly defined by multiple finite memory monitors, a data structure (scenario generator) can be synthesised, from which any-horizon scenarios satisfying the input constraints can be efficiently extracted by (possibly uniform) random sampling or (randomised) enumeration. Our approach enables seamless support to virtually all simulation-based approaches to CPS verification, ranging from simple random testing to statistical model checking and formal (i.e., exhaustive) verification, when a suitable bound on the horizon or an iterative horizon enlargement strategy is defined, as in the spirit of bounded model checking.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1939-3520	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	To appear			Approved	no
	Call Number	MCLab @ davi @ ref9527998			Serial	191
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