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| Author | Pugliese, Rosario; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
| Title | Automatic Verification of a Hydroelectric Power Plant | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Third International Symposium of Formal Methods Europe (FME), Co-Sponsored by IFIP WG 14.3 | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 425-444 | ||
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| Abstract | We analyze the specification of a hydroelectric power plant by ENEL (the Italian Electric Company). Our goal is to show that for the specification of the plant (its control system in particular) some given properties hold. We were provided with an informal specification of the plant. From such informal specification we wrote a formal specification using the CCS/Meije process algebra formalism. We defined properties using μ-calculus. Automatic verification was carried out using model checking. This was done by translating our process algebra definitions (the model) and μ-calculus formulas into BDDs. In this paper we present the informal specification of the plant, its formal specification, some of the properties we verified and experimental results. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer | Place of Publication | Oxford, UK | Editor  |
Gaudel, M.-C.; Woodcock, J. |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Lecture Notes in Computer Science | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | 1051 | Series Issue | Edition | ||
| ISSN | 3-540-60973-3 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ fme96 | Serial | 53 | ||
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| Author | Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa | ||||
| Title | Finite Horizon Analysis of Markov Chains with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods, 12th IFIP WG 10.5 Advanced Research Working Conference, CHARME 2003, L'Aquila, Italy, October 21-24, 2003, Proceedings | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 394-409 | ||
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| Abstract | In this paper we present an explicit disk based verification algorithm for Probabilistic Systems defining discrete time/finite state Markov Chains. Given a Markov Chain and an integer k (horizon), our algorithm checks whether the probability of reaching an error state in at most k steps is below a given threshold. We present an implementation of our algorithm within a suitable extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We call the resulting probabilistic model checker FHP-Mur$\varphi$ (Finite Horizon Probabilistic Mur$\varphi$). We present experimental results comparing FHP-Mur$\varphi$ with (a finite horizon subset of) PRISM, a state-of-the-art symbolic model checker for Markov Chains. Our experimental results show that FHP-Mur$\varphi$ can handle systems that are out of reach for PRISM, namely those involving arithmetic operations on the state variables (e.g. hybrid systems). | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer | Place of Publication | Editor |
Geist, D.; Tronci, E. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Lecture Notes in Computer Science | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | 2860 | Series Issue | Edition | ||
| ISSN | 3-540-20363-X | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ Dimtz03 | Serial | 84 | ||
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| Author | Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa | ||||
| Title | Integrating RAM and Disk Based Verification within the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods, 12th IFIP WG 10.5 Advanced Research Working Conference, CHARME 2003, L'Aquila, Italy, October 21-24, 2003, Proceedings | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 277-282 | ||
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| Abstract | We present a verification algorithm that can automatically switch from RAM based verification to disk based verification without discarding the work done during the RAM based verification phase. This avoids having to choose beforehand the proper verification algorithm. Our experimental results show that typically our integrated algorithm is as fast as (sometime faster than) the fastest of the two base (i.e. RAM based and disk based) verification algorithms. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer | Place of Publication | Editor |
Geist, D.; Tronci, E. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Lecture Notes in Computer Science | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | 2860 | Series Issue | Edition | ||
| ISSN | 3-540-20363-X | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ DIMTZ03a | Serial | 85 | ||
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| Author | Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico; Alvisi, Lorenzo; Clement, Allen; Li, Harry | ||||
| Title | Model Checking Coalition Nash Equilibria in MAD Distributed Systems | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems, 11th International Symposium, SSS 2009, Lyon, France, November 3-6, 2009. Proceedings | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 531-546 | ||
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| Abstract | We present two OBDD based model checking algorithms for the verification of Nash equilibria in finite state mechanisms modeling Multiple Administrative Domains (MAD) distributed systems with possibly colluding agents (coalitions) and with possibly faulty or malicious nodes (Byzantine agents). Given a finite state mechanism, a proposed protocol for each agent and the maximum sizes f for Byzantine agents and q for agents collusions, our model checkers return Pass if the proposed protocol is an ε-f-q-Nash equilibrium, i.e. no coalition of size up to q may have an interest greater than ε in deviating from the proposed protocol when up to f Byzantine agents are present, Fail otherwise. We implemented our model checking algorithms within the NuSMV model checker: the first one explicitly checks equilibria for each coalition, while the second represents symbolically all coalitions. We present experimental results showing their effectiveness for moderate size mechanisms. For example, we can verify coalition Nash equilibria for mechanisms which corresponding normal form games would have more than $5 \times 10^21$ entries. Moreover, we compare the two approaches, and the explicit algorithm turns out to outperform the symbolic one. To the best of our knowledge, no model checking algorithm for verification of Nash equilibria of mechanisms with coalitions has been previously published. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer | Place of Publication | Editor |
Guerraoui, R.; Petit, F. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Lecture Notes in Computer Science | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | 5873 | Series Issue | Edition | ||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ sss09 | Serial | 19 | ||
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| Author | Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa | ||||
| Title | Bounded Probabilistic Model Checking with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, 5th International Conference, FMCAD 2004, Austin, Texas, USA, November 15-17, 2004, Proceedings | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 214-229 | ||
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| Abstract | In this paper we present an explicit verification algorithm for Probabilistic Systems defining discrete time/finite state Markov Chains. We restrict ourselves to verification of Bounded PCTL formulas (BPCTL), that is, PCTL formulas in which all Until operators are bounded, possibly with different bounds. This means that we consider only paths (system runs) of bounded length. Given a Markov Chain $\cal M$ and a BPCTL formula Φ, our algorithm checks if Φ is satisfied in $\cal M$. This allows to verify important properties, such as reliability in Discrete Time Hybrid Systems. We present an implementation of our algorithm within a suitable extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We call FHP-Mur$\varphi$ (Finite Horizon Probabilistic Mur$\varphi$) such extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We give experimental results comparing FHP-Mur$\varphi$ with (a finite horizon subset of) PRISM, a state-of-the-art symbolic model checker for Markov Chains. Our experimental results show that FHP-Mur$\varphi$ can effectively handle verification of BPCTL formulas for systems that are out of reach for PRISM, namely those involving arithmetic operations on the state variables (e.g. hybrid systems). | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer | Place of Publication | Editor |
Hu, A.J.; Martin, A.K. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Lecture Notes in Computer Science | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | 3312 | Series Issue | Edition | ||
| ISSN | 3-540-23738-0 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ Dimtz04 | Serial | 87 | ||
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| Author | Fantechi, Alessandro; Gnesi, Stefania; Mazzanti, Franco; Pugliese, Rosario; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
| Title | A Symbolic Model Checker for ACTL | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | International Workshop on Current Trends in Applied Formal Method (FM-Trends) | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 228-242 | ||
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| Abstract | We present SAM, a symbolic model checker for ACTL, the action-based version of CTL. SAM relies on implicit representations of Labeled Transition Systems (LTSs), the semantic domain for ACTL formulae, and uses symbolic manipulation algorithms. SAM has been realized by translating (networks of) LTSs and, possibly recursive, ACTL formulae into BSP (Boolean Symbolic Programming), a programming language aiming at defining computations on boolean functions, and by using the BSP interpreter to carry out computations (i.e. verifications). | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer | Place of Publication | Boppard, Germany | Editor |
Hutter, D.; Stephan, W.; Traverso, P.; Ullmann, M. |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Lecture Notes in Computer Science | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | 1641 | Series Issue | Edition | ||
| ISSN | 3-540-66462-9 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ fm-trends98 | Serial | 51 | ||
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| Author | Lanotte, Ruggero; Maggiolo-Schettini, Andrea; Tini, Simone; Troina, Angelo; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
| Title | Automatic Covert Channel Analysis of a Multilevel Secure Component | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Information and Communications Security, 6th International Conference, ICICS 2004, Malaga, Spain, October 27-29, 2004, Proceedings | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 249-261 | ||
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| Abstract | The NRL Pump protocol defines a multilevel secure component whose goal is to minimize leaks of information from high level systems to lower level systems, without degrading average time performances. We define a probabilistic model for the NRL Pump and show how a probabilistic model checker (FHP-mur$\varphi$) can be used to estimate the capacity of a probabilistic covert channel in the NRL Pump. We are able to compute the probability of a security violation as a function of time for various configurations of the system parameters (e.g. buffer sizes, moving average size, etc). Because of the model complexity, our results cannot be obtained using an analytical approach and, because of the low probabilities involved, it can be hard to obtain them using a simulator. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer | Place of Publication | Editor |
Lopez, J.; Qing, S.; Okamoto, E. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Lecture Notes in Computer Science | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | 3269 | Series Issue | Edition | ||
| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ icics04 | Serial | 34 | ||
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| Author | Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
| Title | Synthesizing Control Software from Boolean Relations | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | International Journal on Advances in Software | Abbreviated Journal | Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
| Volume | vol. 5, nr 3&4 | Issue | Pages | 212-223 | |
| Keywords | Control Software Synthesis; Embedded Systems; Model Checking | ||||
| Abstract | Many software as well digital hardware automatic
synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately, the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper, we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a worst case execution time linear in nr, being n = |x| the number of input arguments for functions in F and r the number of functions in F. Moreover, a formal proof of the proposed algorithm correctness is also shown. Finally, we present experimental results showing effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. |
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| Publisher | IARIA | Place of Publication | Editor |
Luigi Lavazza | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1942-2628 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | Sapienza @ melatti @ | Serial | 108 | ||
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| Author | Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
| Title | Linear Constraints and Guarded Predicates as a Modeling Language for Discrete Time Hybrid Systems | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | International Journal on Advances in Software | Abbreviated Journal | Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
| Volume | vol. 6, nr 1&2 | Issue | Pages | 155-169 | |
| Keywords | Model-based software design; Linear predicates; Hybrid systems | ||||
| Abstract | Model based design is particularly appealing in
software based control systems (e.g., embedded software) design, since in such a case system level specifications are much easier to define than the control software behavior itself. In turn, model based design of embedded systems requires modeling both continuous subsystems (typically, the plant) as well as discrete subsystems (the controller). This is typically done using hybrid systems. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) based abstraction techniques have been successfully applied to automatically synthesize correct-by-construction control software for discrete time linear hybrid systems, where plant dynamics is modeled as a linear predicate over state, input, and next state variables. Unfortunately, MILP solvers require such linear predicates to be conjunctions of linear constraints, which is not a natural way of modeling hybrid systems. In this paper we show that, under the hypothesis that each variable ranges over a bounded interval, any linear predicate built upon conjunction and disjunction of linear constraints can be automatically translated into an equivalent conjunctive predicate. Since variable bounds play a key role in this translation, our algorithm includes a procedure to compute all implicit variable bounds of the given linear predicate. Furthermore, we show that a particular form of linear predicates, namely guarded predicates, are a natural and powerful language to succinctly model discrete time linear hybrid systems dynamics. Finally, we experimentally show the feasibility of our approach on an important and challenging case study taken from the literature, namely the multi-input Buck DC-DC Converter. As an example, the guarded predicate that models (with 57 constraints) a 6-inputs Buck DC-DC Converter is translated in a conjunctive predicate (with 102 linear constraints) in about 40 minutes. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | IARIA | Place of Publication | Editor |
Luigi Lavazza | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1942-2628 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | Sapienza @ melatti @ | Serial | 115 | ||
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| Author | Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Minichino, Michele; Ciancamerla, Ester; Parisse, Andrea; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa | ||||
| Title | Automatic Verification of a Turbogas Control System with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, 6th International Workshop, HSCC 2003 Prague, Czech Republic, April 3-5, 2003, Proceedings | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 141-155 | ||
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| Abstract | Automatic analysis of Hybrid Systems poses formidable challenges both from a modeling as well as from a verification point of view. We present a case study on automatic verification of a Turbogas Control System (TCS) using an extended version of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. TCS is the heart of ICARO, a 2MW Co-generative Electric Power Plant. For large hybrid systems, as TCS is, the modeling effort accounts for a significant part of the whole verification activity. In order to ease our modeling effort we extended the Mur$\varphi$ verifier by importing the C language long double type (finite precision real numbers) into it. We give experimental results on running our extended Mur$\varphi$ on our TCS model. For example using Mur$\varphi$ we were able to compute an admissible range of values for the variation speed of the user demand of electric power to the turbogas. | ||||
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| Publisher | Springer | Place of Publication | Editor |
Maler, O.; Pnueli, A. | |
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Lecture Notes in Computer Science | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
| Series Volume | 2623 | Series Issue | Edition | ||
| ISSN | 3-540-00913-2 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | yes | |||
| Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ Dimmcptz03 | Serial | 88 | ||
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