Records |
Author |
Mancini, T.; Mari, F.; Massini, A.; Melatti, I.; Tronci, E. |
Title |
Anytime system level verification via parallel random exhaustive hardware in the loop simulation |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Microprocessors and Microsystems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
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Pages |
12-28 |
Keywords |
Model Checking of Hybrid Systems; Model checking driven simulation; Hardware in the loop simulation |
Abstract |
Abstract System level verification of cyber-physical systems has the goal of verifying that the whole (i.e., software + hardware) system meets the given specifications. Model checkers for hybrid systems cannot handle system level verification of actual systems. Thus, Hardware In the Loop Simulation (HILS) is currently the main workhorse for system level verification. By using model checking driven exhaustive HILS, System Level Formal Verification (SLFV) can be effectively carried out for actual systems. We present a parallel random exhaustive HILS based model checker for hybrid systems that, by simulating all operational scenarios exactly once in a uniform random order, is able to provide, at any time during the verification process, an upper bound to the probability that the System Under Verification exhibits an error in a yet-to-be-simulated scenario (Omission Probability). We show effectiveness of the proposed approach by presenting experimental results on SLFV of the Inverted Pendulum on a Cart and the Fuel Control System examples in the Simulink distribution. To the best of our knowledge, no previously published model checker can exhaustively verify hybrid systems of such a size and provide at any time an upper bound to the Omission Probability. |
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0141-9331 |
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no |
Call Number |
MCLab @ davi @ Mancini201612 |
Serial |
155 |
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Author |
Alimguzhin, V.; Mari, F.; Melatti, I.; Salvo, I.; Tronci, E. |
Title |
Linearising Discrete Time Hybrid Systems |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
5357-5364 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Model Based Design approaches for embedded systems aim at generating correct-by-construction control software, guaranteeing that the closed loop system (controller and plant) meets given system level formal specifications. This technical note addresses control synthesis for safety and reachability properties of possibly non-linear discrete time hybrid systems. By means of syntactical transformations that require non-linear terms to be Lipschitz continuous functions, we over-approximate non-linear dynamics with a linear system whose controllers are guaranteed to be controllers of the original system. We evaluate performance of our approach on meaningful control synthesis benchmarks, also comparing it to a state-of-the-art tool. |
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0018-9286 |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ ref7902199 |
Serial |
164 |
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Author |
Leeners, B.; Krueger, T.; Geraedts, K.; Tronci, E.; Mancini, T.; Ille, F.; Egli, M.; Roeblitz, S.; Wunder, D.; Saleh, L.; Schippert, C.; Hengartner, M.P. |
Title |
Cognitive function in association with high estradiol levels resulting from fertility treatment |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
130 |
Issue |
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Pages |
104951 |
Keywords |
Cognition, Estrogen, Estradiol, Fertility treatment, Attention, Cognitive bias |
Abstract |
The putative association between hormones and cognitive performance is controversial. While there is evidence that estradiol plays a neuroprotective role, hormone treatment has not been shown to improve cognitive performance. Current research is flawed by the evaluation of combined hormonal effects throughout the menstrual cycle or in the menopausal transition. The stimulation phase of a fertility treatment offers a unique model to study the effect of estradiol on cognitive function. This quasi-experimental observational study is based on data from 44 women receiving IVF in Zurich, Switzerland. We assessed visuospatial working memory, attention, cognitive bias, and hormone levels at the beginning and at the end of the stimulation phase of ovarian superstimulation as part of a fertility treatment. In addition to inter-individual differences, we examined intra-individual change over time (within-subject effects). The substantial increases in estradiol levels resulting from fertility treatment did not relate to any considerable change in cognitive functioning. As the tests applied represent a broad variety of cognitive functions on different levels of complexity and with various brain regions involved, we can conclude that estradiol does not show a significant short-term effect on cognitive function. |
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0018-506x |
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MCLab @ davi @ Leeners2021104951 |
Serial |
185 |
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Author |
Brizzolari, Francesco; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Della Penna, Giuseppe |
Title |
Disk Based Software Verification via Bounded Model Checking |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
APSEC '07: Proceedings of the 14th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
358-365 |
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Abstract |
One of the most successful approach to automatic software verification is SAT based bounded model checking (BMC). One of the main factors limiting the size of programs that can be automatically verified via BMC is the huge number of clauses that the backend SAT solver has to process. In fact, because of this, the SAT solver may easily run out of RAM. We present two disk based algorithms that can considerably decrease the number of clauses that a BMC backend SAT solver has to process in RAM. Our experimental results show that using our disk based algorithms we can automatically verify programs that are out of reach for RAM based BMC. |
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IEEE Computer Society |
Place of Publication |
Washington, DC, USA |
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0-7695-3057-5 |
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yes |
Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Bmtd07 |
Serial |
76 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Magazzeni, Daniele; Tofani, Alberto; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico |
Title |
Automatic Synthesis of Robust Numerical Controllers |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Icas '07 |
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4 |
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Abstract |
A major problem of numerical controllers is their robustness, i.e. the state read from the plant may not be in the controller table, although it may be close to some states in the table. For continuous systems, this problem is typically handled by interpolation techniques. Unfortunately, when the plant contains both continuous and discrete variables, the interpolation approach does not work well. To cope with this kind of systems, we propose a general methodology that exploits explicit model checking in an innovative way to automatically synthesize a (time-) optimal numerical controller from a plant specification and apply an optimized strengthening algorithm only on the most significant states, in order to reach an acceptable robustness degree. We implemented all the algorithms within our CGMurphi tool, an extension of the well-known CMurphi verifier, and tested the effectiveness of our approach by applying it to the well-known truck and trailer obstacles avoidance problem. |
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IEEE Computer Society |
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0-7695-2859-5 |
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Approved |
yes |
Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Dmtimt07 |
Serial |
89 |
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Author |
Intrigila, Benedetto; Magazzeni, Daniele; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico |
Title |
A Model Checking Technique for the Verification of Fuzzy Control Systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
CIMCA '05: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet Commerce Vol-1 (CIMCA-IAWTIC'06) |
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536-542 |
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Abstract |
Fuzzy control is well known as a powerful technique for designing and realizing control systems. However, statistical evidence for their correct behavior may be not enough, even when it is based on a large number of samplings. In order to provide a more systematic verification process, the cell-to-cell mapping technology has been used in a number of cases as a verification tool for fuzzy control systems and, more recently, to assess their optimality and robustness. However, cell-to-cell mapping is typically limited in the number of cells it can explore. To overcome this limitation, in this paper we show how model checking techniques may be instead used to verify the correct behavior of a fuzzy control system. To this end, we use a modified version of theMurphi verifier, which ease the modeling phase by allowing to use finite precision real numbers and external C functions. In this way, also already designed simulators may be used for the verification phase. With respect to the cell mapping technique, our approach appears to be complementary; indeed, it explores a much larger number of states, at the cost of being less informative on the global dynamic of the system. |
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IEEE Computer Society |
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Washington, DC, USA |
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0-7695-2504-0-01 |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ Immt05 |
Serial |
75 |
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Author |
Tronci, Enrico; Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
Title |
A Probabilistic Approach to Automatic Verification of Concurrent Systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
8th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC) |
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Volume |
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Pages |
317-324 |
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Abstract |
The main barrier to automatic verification of concurrent systems is the huge amount of memory required to complete the verification task (state explosion). In this paper we present a probabilistic algorithm for automatic verification via model checking. Our algorithm trades space with time. In particular, when memory is full because of state explosion our algorithm does not give up verification. Instead it just proceeds at a lower speed and its results will only hold with some arbitrarily small error probability. Our preliminary experimental results show that by using our probabilistic algorithm we can typically save more than 30% of RAM with an average time penalty of about 100% w.r.t. a deterministic state space exploration with enough memory to complete the verification task. This is better than giving up the verification task because of lack of memory. |
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IEEE Computer Society |
Place of Publication |
Macau, China |
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0-7695-1408-1 |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ apsec01 |
Serial |
43 |
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Author |
Dipoppa, G.; D'Alessandro, G.; Semprini, R.; Tronci, E. |
Title |
Integrating Automatic Verification of Safety Requirements in Railway Interlocking System Design |
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Conference Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
High Assurance Systems Engineering, 2001. Sixth IEEE International Symposium on |
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Pages |
209-219 |
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Abstract |
A railway interlocking system (RIS) is an embedded system (namely a supervisory control system) that ensures the safe, operation of the devices in a railway station. RIS is a safety critical system. We explore the possibility of integrating automatic formal verification methods in a given industry RIS design flow. The main obstructions to be overcome in our work are: selecting a formal verification tool that is efficient enough to solve the verification problems at hand; and devising a cost effective integration strategy for such tool. We were able to devise a successful integration strategy meeting the above constraints without requiring major modification in the pre-existent design flow nor retraining of personnel. We run verification experiments for a RIS designed for the Singapore Subway. The experiments show that the RIS design flow obtained from our integration strategy is able to automatically verify real life RIS designs. |
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IEEE Computer Society |
Place of Publication |
Albuquerque, NM, USA |
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0-7695-1275-5 |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ hase01 |
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45 |
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Author |
Cecconi, Michele; Tronci, Enrico |
Title |
Requirements Formalization and Validation for a Telecommunication Equipment Protection Switcher |
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Conference Article |
Year |
2000 |
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Hase |
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IEEE Computer Society |
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0-7695-0927-4 |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ CeTro00 |
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29 |
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Author |
Tronci, Enrico |
Title |
Formally Modeling a Metal Processing Plant and its Closed Loop Specifications |
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Conference Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
4th IEEE International Symposium on High-Assurance Systems Engineering (HASE) |
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151 |
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We present a case study on automatic synthesis of control software from formal specifications for an industrial automation control system. Our aim is to compare the effectiveness (i.e. design effort and controller quality) of automatic controller synthesis from closed loop formal specifications with that of manual controller design followed by automatic verification. The system to be controlled (plant) models a metal processing facility near Karlsruhe. We succeeded in automatically generating C code implementing a (correct by construction) embedded controller for such a plant from closed loop formal specifications. Our experimental results show that for industrial automation control systems automatic synthesis is a viable and profitable (especially as far as design effort is concerned) alternative to manual design followed by automatic verification. |
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IEEE Computer Society |
Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C, USA |
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0-7695-0418-3 |
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yes |
Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ hase99 |
Serial |
50 |
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