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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Linear Constraints and Guarded Predicates as a Modeling Language for Discrete Time Hybrid Systems |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
International Journal on Advances in Software |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
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Volume |
vol. 6, nr 1&2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
155-169 |
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Keywords  |
Model-based software design; Linear predicates; Hybrid systems |
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Abstract |
Model based design is particularly appealing in
software based control systems (e.g., embedded
software) design, since in such a case system
level specifications are much easier to define
than the control software behavior itself. In
turn, model based design of embedded systems
requires modeling both continuous subsystems
(typically, the plant) as well as discrete
subsystems (the controller). This is typically
done using hybrid systems. Mixed Integer Linear
Programming (MILP) based abstraction techniques
have been successfully applied to automatically
synthesize correct-by-construction control
software for discrete time linear hybrid systems,
where plant dynamics is modeled as a linear
predicate over state, input, and next state
variables. Unfortunately, MILP solvers require
such linear predicates to be conjunctions of
linear constraints, which is not a natural way of
modeling hybrid systems. In this paper we show
that, under the hypothesis that each variable
ranges over a bounded interval, any linear
predicate built upon conjunction and disjunction
of linear constraints can be automatically
translated into an equivalent conjunctive
predicate. Since variable bounds play a key role
in this translation, our algorithm includes a
procedure to compute all implicit variable bounds
of the given linear predicate. Furthermore, we
show that a particular form of linear predicates,
namely guarded predicates, are a natural and
powerful language to succinctly model discrete
time linear hybrid systems dynamics. Finally, we
experimentally show the feasibility of our
approach on an important and challenging case
study taken from the literature, namely the
multi-input Buck DC-DC Converter. As an example,
the guarded predicate that models (with 57
constraints) a 6-inputs Buck DC-DC Converter is
translated in a conjunctive predicate (with 102
linear constraints) in about 40 minutes. |
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Publisher |
IARIA |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Luigi Lavazza |
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ISSN |
1942-2628 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
115 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico; Alvisi, Lorenzo; Clement, Allen; Li, Harry |
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Title |
Model Checking Nash Equilibria in MAD Distributed Systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
FMCAD '08: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design |
Abbreviated Journal |
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1-8 |
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Keywords |
Model Checking, MAD Distributed System, Nash Equilibrium |
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Abstract |
We present a symbolic model checking algorithm for verification of Nash equilibria in finite state mechanisms modeling Multiple Administrative Domains (MAD) distributed systems. Given a finite state mechanism, a proposed protocol for each agent and an indifference threshold for rewards, our model checker returns PASS if the proposed protocol is a Nash equilibrium (up to the given indifference threshold) for the given mechanism, FAIL otherwise. We implemented our model checking algorithm inside the NuSMV model checker and present experimental results showing its effectiveness for moderate size mechanisms. For example, we can handle mechanisms which corresponding normal form games would have more than $10^20$ entries. To the best of our knowledge, no model checking algorithm for verification of mechanism Nash equilibria has been previously published. |
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IEEE Press |
Place of Publication |
Piscataway, NJ, USA |
Editor |
Cimatti, A.; Jones, R. |
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ISSN |
978-1-4244-2735-2 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ MarMelSalTroAlvCle08 |
Serial |
93 |
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Author |
Mancini, T.; Mari, F.; Massini, A.; Melatti, I.; Tronci, E. |
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Title |
Anytime system level verification via parallel random exhaustive hardware in the loop simulation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Microprocessors and Microsystems |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
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Pages |
12-28 |
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Keywords |
Model Checking of Hybrid Systems; Model checking driven simulation; Hardware in the loop simulation |
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Abstract |
Abstract System level verification of cyber-physical systems has the goal of verifying that the whole (i.e., software + hardware) system meets the given specifications. Model checkers for hybrid systems cannot handle system level verification of actual systems. Thus, Hardware In the Loop Simulation (HILS) is currently the main workhorse for system level verification. By using model checking driven exhaustive HILS, System Level Formal Verification (SLFV) can be effectively carried out for actual systems. We present a parallel random exhaustive HILS based model checker for hybrid systems that, by simulating all operational scenarios exactly once in a uniform random order, is able to provide, at any time during the verification process, an upper bound to the probability that the System Under Verification exhibits an error in a yet-to-be-simulated scenario (Omission Probability). We show effectiveness of the proposed approach by presenting experimental results on SLFV of the Inverted Pendulum on a Cart and the Fuel Control System examples in the Simulink distribution. To the best of our knowledge, no previously published model checker can exhaustively verify hybrid systems of such a size and provide at any time an upper bound to the Omission Probability. |
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ISSN |
0141-9331 |
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no |
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Call Number |
MCLab @ davi @ Mancini201612 |
Serial |
155 |
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Author |
Mancini, T.; Mari, F.; Massini, A.; Melatti, I.; Tronci, E. |
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Title |
On Checking Equivalence of Simulation Scripts |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
100640 |
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Keywords |
Formal verification, Simulation based formal verification, Formal Verification of cyber-physical systems, System-level formal verification |
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Abstract |
To support Model Based Design of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) many simulation based approaches to System Level Formal Verification (SLFV) have been devised. Basically, these are Bounded Model Checking approaches (since simulation horizon is of course bounded) relying on simulators to compute the system dynamics and thereby verify the given system properties. The main obstacle to simulation based SLFV is the large number of simulation scenarios to be considered and thus the huge amount of simulation time needed to complete the verification task. To save on computation time, simulation based SLFV approaches exploit the capability of simulators to save and restore simulation states. Essentially, such a time saving is obtained by optimising the simulation script defining the simulation activity needed to carry out the verification task. Although such approaches aim to (bounded) formal verification, as a matter of fact, the proof of correctness of the methods to optimise simulation scripts basically relies on an intuitive semantics for simulation scripting languages. This hampers the possibility of formally showing that the optimisations introduced to speed up the simulation activity do not actually omit checking of relevant behaviours for the system under verification. The aim of this paper is to fill the above gap by presenting an operational semantics for simulation scripting languages and by proving soundness and completeness properties for it. This, in turn, enables formal proofs of equivalence between unoptimised and optimised simulation scripts. |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2352-2208 |
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no |
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Call Number |
MCLab @ davi @ Mancini2021100640 |
Serial |
183 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Synthesizing Control Software from Boolean Relations |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Journal on Advances in Software |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
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Volume |
vol. 5, nr 3&4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
212-223 |
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Keywords |
Control Software Synthesis; Embedded Systems; Model Checking |
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Abstract |
Many software as well digital hardware automatic
synthesis methods define the set of
implementations meeting the given system
specifications with a boolean relation K. In
such a context a fundamental step in the software
(hardware) synthesis process is finding effective
solutions to the functional equation defined by
K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean
function(s) F (typically represented using
OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams)
such that: 1) for all x for which K is
satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the
implementation of F is efficient with respect
to given implementation parameters such as code
size or execution time. While this problem has
been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis,
little has been done in a software synthesis
context. Unfortunately, the approaches developed
for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in
a software context. This motivates investigation
of effective methods to solve the above problem
when F has to be implemented with software. In
this paper, we present an algorithm that, from an
OBDD representation for K, generates a C code
implementation for F that has the same size as
the OBDD for F and a worst case execution time
linear in nr, being n = |x| the number of
input arguments for functions in F and r the
number of functions in F. Moreover, a formal
proof of the proposed algorithm correctness is
also shown. Finally, we present experimental
results showing effectiveness of the proposed
algorithm. |
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Corporate Author |
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Publisher |
IARIA |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Luigi Lavazza |
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ISSN |
1942-2628 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
108 |
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Author |
Mancini, T.; Mari, F.; Melatti, I.; Salvo, I.; Tronci, E.; Gruber, J.K.; Hayes, B.; Prodanovic, M.; Elmegaard, L. |
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Title |
User Flexibility Aware Price Policy Synthesis for Smart Grids |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Digital System Design (DSD), 2015 Euromicro Conference on |
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Pages |
478-485 |
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Keywords |
Contracts; Current measurement; Load management; Power demand; Power measurement; State estimation; Substations; Grid State Estimation; Peak Shaving; Policy Robustness Verification; Price Policy Synthesis |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ preissler @ Mancini_etal2015_3 |
Serial |
136 |
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Author |
Alimguzhin, V.; Mari, F.; Melatti, I.; Tronci, E.; Ebeid, E.; Mikkelsen, S.A.; Jacobsen, R.H.; Gruber, J.K.; Hayes, B.; Huerta, F.; Prodanovic, M. |
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Title |
A Glimpse of SmartHG Project Test-bed and Communication Infrastructure |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Digital System Design (DSD), 2015 Euromicro Conference on |
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Pages |
225-232 |
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Keywords |
Batteries; Control systems; Databases; Production; Sensors; Servers; Smart grids; Grid State Estimation; Peak Shaving; Policy Robustness Verification; Price Policy Synthesis |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ preissler @ Alimguzhin_etal2015 |
Serial |
127 |
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Author |
Mancini, Toni; Mari, Federico; Massini, Annalisa; Melatti, Igor; Merli, Fabio; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
System Level Formal Verification via Model Checking Driven Simulation |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification. July 13-19, 2013, Saint Petersburg, Russia |
Abbreviated Journal |
CAV 2013 |
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Pages |
296-312 |
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Springer - Verlag |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
8044 |
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ISSN |
0302-9743 |
ISBN |
978-3-642-39798-1 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ |
Serial |
113 |
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Author |
Tronci, E.; Mancini, T.; Mari, F.; Melatti, I.; Jacobsen, R. H.; Ebeid, E.; Mikkelsen, S. A.; Prodanovic, M.; Gruber, J. K.; Hayes, B. |
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Title |
SmartHG: Energy Demand Aware Open Services for Smart Grid Intelligent Automation |
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Conference Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the Work in Progress Session of SEAA/DSD 2014 |
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978-3-902457-40-0 |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ |
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119 |
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Author |
Mancini, Toni ; Mari, Federico ; Massini, Annalisa; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
System Level Formal Verification via Distributed Multi-Core Hardware in the Loop Simulation |
Type |
Conference Article |
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2014 |
Publication |
Proc. of the 22nd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing |
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IEEE Computer Society |
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Sapienza @ melatti @ |
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118 |
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