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Author | Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | Model Based Synthesis of Control Software from System Level Formal Specifications | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | abs/1107.5638 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Abstract | Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems, that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of embedded systems control software.
We present an algorithm, along with a tool QKS implementing it, that from a formal model (as a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System) of the controlled system (plant), implementation specifications (that is, number of bits in the Analog-to-Digital, AD, conversion) and System Level Formal Specifications (that is, safety and liveness requirements for the closed loop system) returns correct-by-construction control software that has a Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) linear in the number of AD bits and meets the given specifications. We show feasibility of our approach by presenting experimental results on using it to synthesize control software for a buck DC-DC converter, a widely used mixed-mode analog circuit, and for the inverted pendulum. |
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CoRR, Technical Report | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | yes | |||
Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ | Serial | 104 | ||
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Author | Alimguzhin, Vadim; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | A Map-Reduce Parallel Approach to Automatic Synthesis of Control Software | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | abs/1210.2276 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Abstract | Many Control Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems, i.e. control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of control software.
Available algorithms and tools (e.g., QKS) may require weeks or even months of computation to synthesize control software for large-size systems. This motivates search for parallel algorithms for control software synthesis. In this paper, we present a map-reduce style parallel algorithm for control software synthesis when the controlled system (plant) is modeled as discrete time linear hybrid system. Furthermore we present an MPI-based implementation PQKS of our algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first parallel approach for control software synthesis. We experimentally show effectiveness of PQKS on two classical control synthesis problems: the inverted pendulum and the multi-input buck DC/DC converter. Experiments show that PQKS efficiency is above 65%. As an example, PQKS requires about 16 hours to complete the synthesis of control software for the pendulum on a cluster with 60 processors, instead of the 25 days needed by the sequential algorithm in QKS. |
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CoRR, Technical Report | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Notes | Approved | yes | |||
Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ | Serial | 101 | ||
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Author | Alimguzhin, Vadim; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | Automatic Control Software Synthesis for Quantized Discrete Time Hybrid Systems | Type | Report | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | abs/1207.4098 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Abstract | Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems, that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of embedded systems control software. This paper addresses control software synthesis for discrete time nonlinear systems. We present a methodology to overapproximate the dynamics of a discrete time nonlinear hybrid system H by means of a discrete time linear hybrid system L(H), in such a way that controllers for L(H) are guaranteed to be controllers for H. We present experimental results on the inverted pendulum, a challenging and meaningful benchmark in nonlinear Hybrid Systems control. | ||||
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CoRR, Technical Report | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | yes | |||
Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ | Serial | 103 | ||
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Author | Bono, V.; Salvo, I. | ||||
Title | A CuCh Interpretation of an Object-Oriented Language | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 50 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 159-177 |
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Abstract | CuCh machine extends pure lambda–calculus with algebraic data types and provides a the possibility of defining functions over the disjoint sum of algebras. We exploit such natural form of overloading to define a functional interpretation of a simple, but significant fragment of a typical object-oriented language. | ||||
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Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | BOTH 2001, Bohm’s theorem: applications to Computer Science Theory (Satellite Workshop of ICALP 2001) | Approved | yes | ||
Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ Bono-Salvo:BOTH01 | Serial | 72 | ||
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Author | Barbanera, Franco; Dezani-Ciancaglini, Mariangiola; Salvo, Ivano; Sassone, Vladimiro | ||||
Title | A Type Inference Algorithm for Secure Ambients | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 62 | Issue | Pages | 83-101 | |
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Abstract | We consider a type discipline for the Ambient Calculus that associates ambients with security levels and constrains them to be traversed by or opened in ambients of higher security clearance only. We present a bottom-up algorithm that, given an untyped process P, computes a minimal set of constraints on security levels such that all actions during runs of P are performed without violating the security level priorities. Such an algorithm appears to be a prerequisite to use type systems to ensure security properties in the web scenario. | ||||
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Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | TOSCA 2001, Theory of Concurrency, Higher Order Languages and Types | Approved | yes | ||
Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ Barbanera-Dezani-Salvo-Sassone:01 | Serial | 73 | ||
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Author | Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | Synthesizing Control Software from Boolean Relations | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | International Journal on Advances in Software | Abbreviated Journal | Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
Volume | vol. 5, nr 3&4 | Issue | Pages | 212-223 | |
Keywords | Control Software Synthesis; Embedded Systems; Model Checking | ||||
Abstract | Many software as well digital hardware automatic
synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately, the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper, we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a worst case execution time linear in nr, being n = |x| the number of input arguments for functions in F and r the number of functions in F. Moreover, a formal proof of the proposed algorithm correctness is also shown. Finally, we present experimental results showing effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. |
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IARIA | Place of Publication | Editor | Luigi Lavazza | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1942-2628 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | yes | |||
Call Number | Sapienza @ melatti @ | Serial | 108 | ||
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Author | Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | Linear Constraints and Guarded Predicates as a Modeling Language for Discrete Time Hybrid Systems | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | International Journal on Advances in Software | Abbreviated Journal | Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
Volume | vol. 6, nr 1&2 | Issue | Pages | 155-169 | |
Keywords | Model-based software design; Linear predicates; Hybrid systems | ||||
Abstract | Model based design is particularly appealing in
software based control systems (e.g., embedded software) design, since in such a case system level specifications are much easier to define than the control software behavior itself. In turn, model based design of embedded systems requires modeling both continuous subsystems (typically, the plant) as well as discrete subsystems (the controller). This is typically done using hybrid systems. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) based abstraction techniques have been successfully applied to automatically synthesize correct-by-construction control software for discrete time linear hybrid systems, where plant dynamics is modeled as a linear predicate over state, input, and next state variables. Unfortunately, MILP solvers require such linear predicates to be conjunctions of linear constraints, which is not a natural way of modeling hybrid systems. In this paper we show that, under the hypothesis that each variable ranges over a bounded interval, any linear predicate built upon conjunction and disjunction of linear constraints can be automatically translated into an equivalent conjunctive predicate. Since variable bounds play a key role in this translation, our algorithm includes a procedure to compute all implicit variable bounds of the given linear predicate. Furthermore, we show that a particular form of linear predicates, namely guarded predicates, are a natural and powerful language to succinctly model discrete time linear hybrid systems dynamics. Finally, we experimentally show the feasibility of our approach on an important and challenging case study taken from the literature, namely the multi-input Buck DC-DC Converter. As an example, the guarded predicate that models (with 57 constraints) a 6-inputs Buck DC-DC Converter is translated in a conjunctive predicate (with 102 linear constraints) in about 40 minutes. |
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IARIA | Place of Publication | Editor | Luigi Lavazza | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1942-2628 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | yes | |||
Call Number | Sapienza @ melatti @ | Serial | 115 | ||
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Author | Alimguzhin, Vadim; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | Automatic Control Software Synthesis for Quantized Discrete Time Hybrid Systems | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Proceedings of the 51th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2012, December 10-13, 2012, Maui, HI, USA | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 6120-6125 | ||
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IEEE | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-1-4673-2065-8 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Techreport version can be found at http://arxiv.org/abs/1207.4098 | Approved | yes | ||
Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ cdc12 | Serial | 96 | ||
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Author | Bucciarelli, Antonio; de Lorenzis, Silvia; Piperno, Adolfo; Salvo, Ivano | ||||
Title | Some Computational Properties of Intersection Types (Extended Abstract) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
Volume | Issue | Pages | 109-118 | ||
Keywords | lambda calculusCurry types, intersection types, lambda-definability, lambda-terms, strong normalization | ||||
Abstract | This paper presents a new method for comparing computation-properties of λ-terms typeable with intersection types with respect to terms typeable with Curry types. In particular, strong normalization and λ-definability are investigated. A translation is introduced from intersection typing derivations to Curry typeable terms; the main feature of the proposed technique is that the translation is preserved by β-reduction. This allows to simulate a computation starting from a term typeable in the intersection discipline by means of a computation starting from a simply typeable term. Our approach naturally leads to prove strong normalization in the intersection system by means of purely syntactical techniques. In addition, the presented method enables us to give a proof of a conjecture proposed by Leivant in 1990, namely that all functions uniformly definable using intersection types are already definable using Curry types. | ||||
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IEEE Computer Society | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Notes | Approved | yes | |||
Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ bucciarelli-delorenzis-piperno-salvo:99 | Serial | 71 | ||
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Author | Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico; Alvisi, Lorenzo; Clement, Allen; Li, Harry | ||||
Title | Model Checking Nash Equilibria in MAD Distributed Systems | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | FMCAD '08: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-8 | ||
Keywords | Model Checking, MAD Distributed System, Nash Equilibrium | ||||
Abstract | We present a symbolic model checking algorithm for verification of Nash equilibria in finite state mechanisms modeling Multiple Administrative Domains (MAD) distributed systems. Given a finite state mechanism, a proposed protocol for each agent and an indifference threshold for rewards, our model checker returns PASS if the proposed protocol is a Nash equilibrium (up to the given indifference threshold) for the given mechanism, FAIL otherwise. We implemented our model checking algorithm inside the NuSMV model checker and present experimental results showing its effectiveness for moderate size mechanisms. For example, we can handle mechanisms which corresponding normal form games would have more than $10^20$ entries. To the best of our knowledge, no model checking algorithm for verification of mechanism Nash equilibria has been previously published. | ||||
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IEEE Press | Place of Publication | Piscataway, NJ, USA | Editor | Cimatti, A.; Jones, R. |
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ISSN | 978-1-4244-2735-2 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | yes | |||
Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ MarMelSalTroAlvCle08 | Serial | 93 | ||
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