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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Linear Constraints and Guarded Predicates as a Modeling Language for Discrete Time Hybrid Systems |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
International Journal on Advances in Software |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
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Volume |
vol. 6, nr 1&2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
155-169 |
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Keywords |
Model-based software design; Linear predicates; Hybrid systems |
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Abstract |
Model based design is particularly appealing in
software based control systems (e.g., embedded
software) design, since in such a case system
level specifications are much easier to define
than the control software behavior itself. In
turn, model based design of embedded systems
requires modeling both continuous subsystems
(typically, the plant) as well as discrete
subsystems (the controller). This is typically
done using hybrid systems. Mixed Integer Linear
Programming (MILP) based abstraction techniques
have been successfully applied to automatically
synthesize correct-by-construction control
software for discrete time linear hybrid systems,
where plant dynamics is modeled as a linear
predicate over state, input, and next state
variables. Unfortunately, MILP solvers require
such linear predicates to be conjunctions of
linear constraints, which is not a natural way of
modeling hybrid systems. In this paper we show
that, under the hypothesis that each variable
ranges over a bounded interval, any linear
predicate built upon conjunction and disjunction
of linear constraints can be automatically
translated into an equivalent conjunctive
predicate. Since variable bounds play a key role
in this translation, our algorithm includes a
procedure to compute all implicit variable bounds
of the given linear predicate. Furthermore, we
show that a particular form of linear predicates,
namely guarded predicates, are a natural and
powerful language to succinctly model discrete
time linear hybrid systems dynamics. Finally, we
experimentally show the feasibility of our
approach on an important and challenging case
study taken from the literature, namely the
multi-input Buck DC-DC Converter. As an example,
the guarded predicate that models (with 57
constraints) a 6-inputs Buck DC-DC Converter is
translated in a conjunctive predicate (with 102
linear constraints) in about 40 minutes. |
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Publisher |
IARIA |
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Editor |
Luigi Lavazza |
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ISSN |
1942-2628 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
115 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Magazzeni, Daniele; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
CGMurphi: Automatic synthesis of numerical controllers for nonlinear hybrid systems |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
European Journal of Control |
Abbreviated Journal |
European Journal of Control |
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Volume |
19 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
14-36 |
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Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. |
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ISSN |
0947-3580 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
114 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Model Based Synthesis of Control Software from System Level Formal Specifications |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND METHODOLOGY |
Abbreviated Journal |
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND METHODOLOGY |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
Article 6 |
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ACM |
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ISSN |
1049-331X |
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no |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
110 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Finzi, Alberto |
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Title |
A multi-hop advertising discovery and delivering protocol for multi administrative domain MANET |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Mobile Information Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mobile Information Systems |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
261-280 |
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IOS Press |
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ISSN |
1574-017x (Print) 1875-905X (Online) |
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no |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
109 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Synthesizing Control Software from Boolean Relations |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Journal on Advances in Software |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
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Volume |
vol. 5, nr 3&4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
212-223 |
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Keywords |
Control Software Synthesis; Embedded Systems; Model Checking |
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Abstract |
Many software as well digital hardware automatic
synthesis methods define the set of
implementations meeting the given system
specifications with a boolean relation K. In
such a context a fundamental step in the software
(hardware) synthesis process is finding effective
solutions to the functional equation defined by
K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean
function(s) F (typically represented using
OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams)
such that: 1) for all x for which K is
satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the
implementation of F is efficient with respect
to given implementation parameters such as code
size or execution time. While this problem has
been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis,
little has been done in a software synthesis
context. Unfortunately, the approaches developed
for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in
a software context. This motivates investigation
of effective methods to solve the above problem
when F has to be implemented with software. In
this paper, we present an algorithm that, from an
OBDD representation for K, generates a C code
implementation for F that has the same size as
the OBDD for F and a worst case execution time
linear in nr, being n = |x| the number of
input arguments for functions in F and r the
number of functions in F. Moreover, a formal
proof of the proposed algorithm correctness is
also shown. Finally, we present experimental
results showing effectiveness of the proposed
algorithm. |
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Publisher |
IARIA |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Luigi Lavazza |
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ISSN |
1942-2628 |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
108 |
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Author |
Kuijpers, Ed; Carotenuto, Luigi; Malapert, Jean-Cristophe; Markov-Vetter, Daniela; Melatti, Igor; Orlandini, Andrea; Pinchuk, Ranni |
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Title |
Collaboration on ISS Experiment Data and Knowledge Representation |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proc. of IAC 2012 |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
D.5.11 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
107 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Quantized Feedback Control Software Synthesis from System Level Formal Specifications for Buck DC/DC Converters |
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Report |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
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Volume |
abs/1105.5640 |
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Abstract |
Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems (SBCSs), that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of SBCS control software. In previous works we presented an algorithm, along with a tool QKS implementing it, that from a formal model (as a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System, DTLHS) of the controlled system (plant), implementation specifications (that is, number of bits in the Analog-to-Digital, AD, conversion) and System Level Formal Specifications (that is, safety and liveness requirements for the closed loop system) returns correct-by-construction control software that has a Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) linear in the number of AD bits and meets the given specifications. In this technical report we present full experimental results on using it to synthesize control software for two versions of buck DC-DC converters (single-input and multi-input), a widely used mixed-mode analog circuit. |
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CoRR, Technical Report |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ |
Serial |
106 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
From Boolean Functional Equations to Control Software |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
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Volume |
abs/1106.0468 |
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Abstract |
Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) at most O(nr), being n = |x| the number of arguments of functions in F and r the number of functions in F. |
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CoRR, Technical Report |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ |
Serial |
105 |
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Author |
Ehrig, R.; Dierkes, T.; Schaefer, S.; Roeblitz, S.; Tronci, E.; Mancini, T.; Salvo, I.; Alimguzhin, V.; Mari, F.; Melatti, I.; Massini, A.; Leeners, B.; Krueger, T.H.C.; Egli, M.; Ille, F. |
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Title |
An integrative approach for model driven computation of treatments in reproductive medicine |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Biology (BIOMAT 2015), Rorkee, India |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ preissler @ Ehrig_etal2015 |
Serial |
144 |
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Author |
Mancini, T.; Melatti, I.; Tronci, E. |
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Title |
Any-horizon uniform random sampling and enumeration of constrained scenarios for simulation-based formal verification |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
1-1 |
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Abstract |
Model-based approaches to the verification of non-terminating Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) usually rely on numerical simulation of the System Under Verification (SUV) model under input scenarios of possibly varying duration, chosen among those satisfying given constraints. Such constraints typically stem from requirements (or assumptions) on the SUV inputs and its operational environment as well as from the enforcement of additional conditions aiming at, e.g., prioritising the (often extremely long) verification activity, by, e.g., focusing on scenarios explicitly exercising selected requirements, or avoiding </i>vacuity</i> in their satisfaction. In this setting, the possibility to efficiently sample at random (with a known distribution, e.g., uniformly) within, or to efficiently enumerate (possibly in a uniformly random order) scenarios among those satisfying all the given constraints is a key enabler for the practical viability of the verification process, e.g., via simulation-based statistical model checking. Unfortunately, in case of non-trivial combinations of constraints, iterative approaches like Markovian random walks in the space of sequences of inputs in general fail in extracting scenarios according to a given distribution (e.g., uniformly), and can be very inefficient to produce at all scenarios that are both legal (with respect to SUV assumptions) and of interest (with respect to the additional constraints). For example, in our case studies, up to 91% of the scenarios generated using such iterative approaches would need to be neglected. In this article, we show how, given a set of constraints on the input scenarios succinctly defined by multiple finite memory monitors, a data structure (scenario generator) can be synthesised, from which any-horizon scenarios satisfying the input constraints can be efficiently extracted by (possibly uniform) random sampling or (randomised) enumeration. Our approach enables seamless support to virtually all simulation-based approaches to CPS verification, ranging from simple random testing to statistical model checking and formal (i.e., exhaustive) verification, when a suitable bound on the horizon or an iterative horizon enlargement strategy is defined, as in the spirit of bounded model checking. |
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1939-3520 |
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To appear |
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Call Number |
MCLab @ davi @ ref9527998 |
Serial |
191 |
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