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Corrado Böhm, and Enrico Tronci. "About Systems of Equations, X-Separability, and Left-Invertibility in the lambda-Calculus." Inf. Comput. 90, no. 1 (1991): 1–32. DOI: 10.1016/0890-5401(91)90057-9.
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Andrea Bobbio, Sandro Bologna, Michele Minichino, Ester Ciancamerla, Piero Incalcaterra, Corrado Kropp, and Enrico Tronci. "Advanced techniques for safety analysis applied to the gas turbine control system of Icaro co generative plant." In X Convegno Tecnologie e Sistemi Energetici Complessi, 339–350. Genova, Italy, 2001.
Abstract: The paper describes two complementary and integrable approaches, a probabilistic one and a deterministic one, based on classic and advanced modelling techniques for safety analysis of complex computer based systems. The probabilistic approach is based on classical and innovative probabilistic analysis methods. The deterministic approach is based on formal verification methods. Such approaches are applied to the gas turbine control system of ICARO co generative plant, in operation at ENEA CR Casaccia. The main difference between the two approaches, behind the underlining different theories, is that the probabilistic one addresses the control system by itself, as the set of sensors, processing units and actuators, while the deterministic one also includes the behaviour of the equipment under control which interacts with the control system. The final aim of the research, documented in this paper, is to explore an innovative method which put the probabilistic and deterministic approaches in a strong relation to overcome the drawbacks of their isolated, selective and fragmented use which can lead to inconsistencies in the evaluation results.
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T. Mancini, F. Mari, I. Melatti, I. Salvo, and E. Tronci. "An Efficient Algorithm for Network Vulnerability Analysis Under Malicious Attacks." In Foundations of Intelligent Systems – 24th International Symposium, ISMIS 2018, Limassol, Cyprus, October 29-31, 2018, Proceedings, 302–312., 2018. Notes: Best Paper. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01851-1_29.
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R. Ehrig, T. Dierkes, S. Schaefer, S. Roeblitz, E. Tronci, T. Mancini, I. Salvo, V. Alimguzhin, F. Mari, I. Melatti et al. "An integrative approach for model driven computation of treatments in reproductive medicine." In Proceedings of the 15th International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Biology (BIOMAT 2015), Rorkee, India., 2015. DOI: 10.1142/9789813141919_0005.
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T. Mancini, I. Melatti, and E. Tronci. "Any-horizon uniform random sampling and enumeration of constrained scenarios for simulation-based formal verification." IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering (2021): 1. ISSN: 1939-3520. Notes: To appear. DOI: 10.1109/TSE.2021.3109842.
Abstract: Model-based approaches to the verification of non-terminating Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) usually rely on numerical simulation of the System Under Verification (SUV) model under input scenarios of possibly varying duration, chosen among those satisfying given constraints. Such constraints typically stem from requirements (or assumptions) on the SUV inputs and its operational environment as well as from the enforcement of additional conditions aiming at, e.g., prioritising the (often extremely long) verification activity, by, e.g., focusing on scenarios explicitly exercising selected requirements, or avoiding </i>vacuity</i> in their satisfaction. In this setting, the possibility to efficiently sample at random (with a known distribution, e.g., uniformly) within, or to efficiently enumerate (possibly in a uniformly random order) scenarios among those satisfying all the given constraints is a key enabler for the practical viability of the verification process, e.g., via simulation-based statistical model checking. Unfortunately, in case of non-trivial combinations of constraints, iterative approaches like Markovian random walks in the space of sequences of inputs in general fail in extracting scenarios according to a given distribution (e.g., uniformly), and can be very inefficient to produce at all scenarios that are both legal (with respect to SUV assumptions) and of interest (with respect to the additional constraints). For example, in our case studies, up to 91% of the scenarios generated using such iterative approaches would need to be neglected. In this article, we show how, given a set of constraints on the input scenarios succinctly defined by multiple finite memory monitors, a data structure (scenario generator) can be synthesised, from which any-horizon scenarios satisfying the input constraints can be efficiently extracted by (possibly uniform) random sampling or (randomised) enumeration. Our approach enables seamless support to virtually all simulation-based approaches to CPS verification, ranging from simple random testing to statistical model checking and formal (i.e., exhaustive) verification, when a suitable bound on the horizon or an iterative horizon enlargement strategy is defined, as in the spirit of bounded model checking.
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T. Mancini, F. Mari, A. Massini, I. Melatti, and E. Tronci. "Anytime system level verification via parallel random exhaustive hardware in the loop simulation." Microprocessors and Microsystems 41 (2016): 12–28. ISSN: 0141-9331. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpro.2015.10.010.
Abstract: Abstract System level verification of cyber-physical systems has the goal of verifying that the whole (i.e., software + hardware) system meets the given specifications. Model checkers for hybrid systems cannot handle system level verification of actual systems. Thus, Hardware In the Loop Simulation (HILS) is currently the main workhorse for system level verification. By using model checking driven exhaustive HILS, System Level Formal Verification (SLFV) can be effectively carried out for actual systems. We present a parallel random exhaustive HILS based model checker for hybrid systems that, by simulating all operational scenarios exactly once in a uniform random order, is able to provide, at any time during the verification process, an upper bound to the probability that the System Under Verification exhibits an error in a yet-to-be-simulated scenario (Omission Probability). We show effectiveness of the proposed approach by presenting experimental results on SLFV of the Inverted Pendulum on a Cart and the Fuel Control System examples in the Simulink distribution. To the best of our knowledge, no previously published model checker can exhaustively verify hybrid systems of such a size and provide at any time an upper bound to the Omission Probability.
Keywords: Model Checking of Hybrid Systems; Model checking driven simulation; Hardware in the loop simulation
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Toni Mancini, Federico Mari, Annalisa Massini, Igor Melatti, and Enrico Tronci. "Anytime System Level Verification via Random Exhaustive Hardware In The Loop Simulation." In In Proceedings of 17th EuroMicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD 2014)., 2014. DOI: 10.1109/DSD.2014.91.
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B. Leeners, T. H. C. Krueger, K. Geraedts, E. Tronci, T. Mancini, M. Egli, S. Roeblitz, L. Saleh, K. Spanaus, C. Schippert et al. "Associations Between Natural Physiological and Supraphysiological Estradiol Levels and Stress Perception." Frontiers in Psychology 10 (2019): 1296. ISSN: 1664-1078. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01296.
Abstract: Stress is a risk factor for impaired general, mental and reproductive health. The role of physiological and supraphysiological estradiol concentrations in stress perception and stress processing is less well understood. We therefore, conducted a prospective observational study to investigate the association between estradiol, stress perception and stress-related cognitive performance within serial measurements either during the natural menstrual cycle or during fertility treatment, where estradiol levels are strongly above the physiological level of a natural cycle and consequently, represent a good model to study dose-dependent effects of estradiol. Data from 44 women receiving in vitro fertilization at the Department of Reproductive Endocrinology in Zurich, Switzerland was compared to data from 88 women with measurements during their natural menstrual cycle. The german version of the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and the Cognitive Bias Test (CBT), in which cognitive performance is tested under time stress were used to evaluate subjective and functional aspects of stress. Estradiol levels were investigated at four different time points during the menstrual cycle and at two different time points during a fertility treatment. Cycle phase were associated with PSQ worry and cognitive bias in normally cycling women, but different phases of fertility treatment were not associated with subjectively perceived stress and stress-related cognitive bias. PSQ lack of joy and PSQ demands related to CBT in women receiving fertility treatment but not in women with a normal menstrual cycle. Only strong changes of the estradiol level during fertility treatment were weakly associated with CBT, but not with subjectively experienced stress. Our research emphasises the multidimensional character of stress and the necessity to adjust stress research to the complex nature of stress perception and processing. Infertility is associated with an increased psychological burden in patients. However, not all phases of the process to overcome infertility do significantly increase patient stress levels. Also, research on the psychological burden of infertility should consider that stress may vary during the different phases of fertility treatment.
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Roberto Gorrieri, Ruggero Lanotte, Andrea Maggiolo-Schettini, Fabio Martinelli, Simone Tini, and Enrico Tronci. "Automated analysis of timed security: a case study on web privacy." International Journal of Information Security 2, no. 3-4 (2004): 168–186. DOI: 10.1007/s10207-004-0037-9.
Abstract: This paper presents a case study on an automated analysis of real-time security models. The case study on a web system (originally proposed by Felten and Schneider) is presented that shows a timing attack on the privacy of browser users. Three different approaches are followed: LH-Timed Automata (analyzed using the model checker HyTech), finite-state automata (analyzed using the model checker NuSMV), and process algebras (analyzed using the model checker CWB-NC). A comparative analysis of these three approaches is given.
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Giuseppe Della Penna, Daniele Magazzeni, Alberto Tofani, Benedetto Intrigila, Igor Melatti, and Enrico Tronci. "Automated Generation Of Optimal Controllers Through Model Checking Techniques." In Informatics in Control Automation and Robotics. Selected Papers from ICINCO 2006, 107–119. Springer, 2008. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-79142-3_10.
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