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Author Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico
Title Model Based Synthesis of Control Software from System Level Formal Specifications Type Report
Year 2013 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume abs/1107.5638 Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems, that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of embedded systems control software.
We present an algorithm, along with a tool QKS implementing it, that from a formal model (as a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System) of the controlled system (plant), implementation specifications (that is, number of bits in the Analog-to-Digital, AD, conversion) and System Level Formal Specifications (that is, safety and liveness requirements for the closed loop system) returns correct-by-construction control software that has a Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) linear in the number of AD bits and meets the given specifications.
We show feasibility of our approach by presenting experimental results on using it to synthesize control software for a buck DC-DC converter, a widely used mixed-mode analog circuit, and for the inverted pendulum.
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Publisher CoRR, Technical Report Place of Publication Editor
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Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Serial 104
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Author Alimguzhin, Vadim; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico
Title Automatic Control Software Synthesis for Quantized Discrete Time Hybrid Systems Type Report
Year 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume abs/1207.4098 Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems, that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of embedded systems control software. This paper addresses control software synthesis for discrete time nonlinear systems. We present a methodology to overapproximate the dynamics of a discrete time nonlinear hybrid system H by means of a discrete time linear hybrid system L(H), in such a way that controllers for L(H) are guaranteed to be controllers for H. We present experimental results on the inverted pendulum, a challenging and meaningful benchmark in nonlinear Hybrid Systems control.
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Publisher CoRR, Technical Report Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Serial 103
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Author Alimguzhin, Vadim; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico
Title On Model Based Synthesis of Embedded Control Software Type Report
Year 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume abs/1207.4474 Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems (SBCSs), that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for control software. Given the formal model of a plant as a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System and the implementation specifications (that is, number of bits in the Analog-to-Digital (AD) conversion) correct-by-construction control software can be automatically generated from System Level Formal Specifications of the closed loop system (that is, safety and liveness requirements), by computing a suitable finite abstraction of the plant.
With respect to given implementation specifications, the automatically generated code implements a time optimal control strategy (in terms of set-up time), has a Worst Case Execution Time linear in the number of AD bits $b$, but unfortunately, its size grows exponentially with respect to $b$. In many embedded systems, there are severe restrictions on the computational resources (such as memory or computational power) available to microcontroller devices.
This paper addresses model based synthesis of control software by trading system level non-functional requirements (such us optimal set-up time, ripple) with software non-functional requirements (its footprint). Our experimental results show the effectiveness of our approach: for the inverted pendulum benchmark, by using a quantization schema with 12 bits, the size of the small controller is less than 6% of the size of the time optimal one.
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Publisher CoRR, Technical Report Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Serial 102
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Author Alimguzhin, Vadim; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico
Title A Map-Reduce Parallel Approach to Automatic Synthesis of Control Software Type Report
Year 2012 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume abs/1210.2276 Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract Many Control Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems, i.e. control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of control software.
Available algorithms and tools (e.g., QKS) may require weeks or even months of computation to synthesize control software for large-size systems. This motivates search for parallel algorithms for control software synthesis.
In this paper, we present a map-reduce style parallel algorithm for control software synthesis when the controlled system (plant) is modeled as discrete time linear hybrid system. Furthermore we present an MPI-based implementation PQKS of our algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first parallel approach for control software synthesis.
We experimentally show effectiveness of PQKS on two classical control synthesis problems: the inverted pendulum and the multi-input buck DC/DC converter. Experiments show that PQKS efficiency is above 65%. As an example, PQKS requires about 16 hours to complete the synthesis of control software for the pendulum on a cluster with 60 processors, instead of the 25 days needed by the sequential algorithm in QKS.
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Publisher CoRR, Technical Report Place of Publication Editor
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Serial 101
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Author Cesta, Amedeo; Finzi, Alberto; Fratini, Simone; Orlandini, Andrea; Tronci, Enrico
Title Flexible Plan Verification: Feasibility Results Type Conference Article
Year 2009 Publication 16th RCRA International Workshop on “Experimental evaluation of algorithms for solving problems with combinatorial explosion” (RCRA). Proceedings Abbreviated Journal
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Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Rcra09 Serial 22
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Author Tronci, Enrico
Title On Computing Optimal Controllers for Finite State Systems Type Conference Article
Year 1997 Publication CDC '97: Proceedings of the 36th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control Abbreviated Journal
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Publisher IEEE Computer Society Place of Publication Washington, DC, USA Editor
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ cdc97 Serial 66
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Author Tronci, Enrico
Title Optimal Finite State Supervisory Control Type Conference Article
Year 1996 Publication CDC '96: Proceedings of the 35th IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Abstract Supervisory Controllers are Discrete Event Dynamic Systems (DEDSs) forming the discrete core of a Hybrid Control System. We address the problem of automatic synthesis of Optimal Finite State Supervisory Controllers (OSCs). We show that Boolean First Order Logic (BFOL) and Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs) are an effective methodological and practical framework for Optimal Finite State Supervisory Control. Using BFOL programs (i.e. systems of boolean functional equations) and BDDs we give a symbolic (i.e. BDD based) algorithm for automatic synthesis of OSCs. Our OSC synthesis algorithm can handle arbitrary sets of final states as well as plant transition relations containing loops and uncontrollable events (e.g. failures). We report on experimental results on the use of our OSC synthesis algorithm to synthesize a C program implementing a minimum fuel OSC for two autonomous vehicles moving on a 4 x 4 grid.
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Publisher IEEE Computer Society Place of Publication Washington, DC, USA Editor
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ cdc96 Serial 67
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Author Bobbio, Andrea; Bologna, Sandro; Minichino, Michele; Ciancamerla, Ester; Incalcaterra, Piero; Kropp, Corrado; Tronci, Enrico
Title Advanced techniques for safety analysis applied to the gas turbine control system of Icaro co generative plant Type Conference Article
Year 2001 Publication X Convegno Tecnologie e Sistemi Energetici Complessi Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 339-350
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Abstract The paper describes two complementary and integrable approaches, a probabilistic one and a deterministic one, based on classic and advanced modelling techniques for safety analysis of complex computer based systems. The probabilistic approach is based on classical and innovative probabilistic analysis methods. The deterministic approach is based on formal verification methods. Such approaches are applied to the gas turbine control system of ICARO co generative plant, in operation at ENEA CR Casaccia. The main difference between the two approaches, behind the underlining different theories, is that the probabilistic one addresses the control system by itself, as the set of sensors, processing units and actuators, while the deterministic one also includes the behaviour of the equipment under control which interacts with the control system. The final aim of the research, documented in this paper, is to explore an innovative method which put the probabilistic and deterministic approaches in a strong relation to overcome the drawbacks of their isolated, selective and fragmented use which can lead to inconsistencies in the evaluation results.
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Publisher Place of Publication Genova, Italy Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved yes
Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ tesec01 Serial 65
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Author Della Penna, Giuseppe; Tofani, Alberto; Pecorari, Marcello; Raparelli, Orazio; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico
Title A Case Study on Automated Generation of Integration Tests Type Conference Article
Year 2006 Publication Fdl Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 278-284
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Publisher Ecsi Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 978-3-00-019710-9 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Dtprimt06 Serial 27
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Author Della Penna, Giuseppe; Magazzeni, Daniele; Tofani, Alberto; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico
Title Automated Generation of Optimal Controllers through Model Checking Techniques Type Conference Article
Year 2006 Publication Icinco-Icso Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 26-33
Keywords
Abstract We present a methodology for the synthesis of controllers, which exploits (explicit) model checking techniques. That is, we can cope with the systematic exploration of a very large state space. This methodology can be applied to systems where other approaches fail. In particular, we can consider systems with an highly non-linear dynamics and lacking a uniform mathematical description (model). We can also consider situations where the required control action cannot be specified as a local action, and rather a kind of planning is required. Our methodology individuates first a raw optimal controller, then extends it to obtain a more robust one. A case study is presented which considers the well known truck-trailer obstacle avoidance parking problem, in a parking lot with obstacles on it. The complex non-linear dynamics of the truck-trailer system, within the presence of obstacles, makes the parking problem extremely hard. We show how, by our methodology, we can obtain optimal controllers with different degrees of robustness.
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Publisher INSTICC Press Place of Publication Editor Andrade-Cetto, J.; Ferrier, J.-L.; Pereira, J. M. C. D.; Filipe, J.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 972-8865-59-7 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved yes
Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Dimmtt06 Serial 79
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