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Author |
Mari, Federico; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
CEGAR Based Bounded Model Checking of Discrete Time Hybrid Systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control (HSCC 2007) |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
399-412 |
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Keywords |
Model Checking, Abstraction, CEGAR, SAT, Hybrid Systems, DTHS |
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Abstract  |
Many hybrid systems can be conveniently modeled as Piecewise Affine Discrete Time Hybrid Systems PA-DTHS. As well known Bounded Model Checking (BMC) for such systems comes down to solve a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) feasibility problem. We present a SAT based BMC algorithm for automatic verification of PA-DTHSs. Using Counterexample Guided Abstraction Refinement (CEGAR) our algorithm gradually transforms a PA-DTHS verification problem into larger and larger SAT problems. Our experimental results show that our approach can handle PA-DTHSs that are more then 50 times larger than those that can be handled using a MILP solver. |
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Springer |
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Bemporad, A.; Bicchi, A.; Buttazzo, G.C. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
4416 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ MarTro07 |
Serial |
92 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Finite Horizon Analysis of Stochastic Systems with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Theoretical Computer Science, 8th Italian Conference, ICTCS 2003, Bertinoro, Italy, October 13-15, 2003, Proceedings |
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Pages |
58-71 |
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Abstract |
Many reactive systems are actually Stochastic Processes. Automatic analysis of such systems is usually very difficult thus typically one simplifies the analysis task by using simulation or by working on a simplified model (e.g. a Markov Chain). We present a Finite Horizon Probabilistic Model Checking approach which essentially can handle the same class of stochastic processes of a typical simulator. This yields easy modeling of the system to be analyzed together with formal verification capabilities. Our approach is based on a suitable disk based extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. Moreover we present experimental results showing effectiveness of our approach. |
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Springer |
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Editor |
Blundo, C.; Laneve, C. |
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Series Title |
Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
2841 |
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ISSN |
3-540-20216-1 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ DIMTZ03c |
Serial |
90 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Synthesizing Control Software from Boolean Relations |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Journal on Advances in Software |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
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Volume |
vol. 5, nr 3&4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
212-223 |
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Keywords |
Control Software Synthesis; Embedded Systems; Model Checking |
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Abstract |
Many software as well digital hardware automatic
synthesis methods define the set of
implementations meeting the given system
specifications with a boolean relation K. In
such a context a fundamental step in the software
(hardware) synthesis process is finding effective
solutions to the functional equation defined by
K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean
function(s) F (typically represented using
OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams)
such that: 1) for all x for which K is
satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the
implementation of F is efficient with respect
to given implementation parameters such as code
size or execution time. While this problem has
been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis,
little has been done in a software synthesis
context. Unfortunately, the approaches developed
for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in
a software context. This motivates investigation
of effective methods to solve the above problem
when F has to be implemented with software. In
this paper, we present an algorithm that, from an
OBDD representation for K, generates a C code
implementation for F that has the same size as
the OBDD for F and a worst case execution time
linear in nr, being n = |x| the number of
input arguments for functions in F and r the
number of functions in F. Moreover, a formal
proof of the proposed algorithm correctness is
also shown. Finally, we present experimental
results showing effectiveness of the proposed
algorithm. |
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Publisher |
IARIA |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Luigi Lavazza |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1942-2628 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
108 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
From Boolean Relations to Control Software |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ICSEA 2011, The Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
528-533 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) linear in nr, being n = |x| the number of input arguments for functions in F and r the number of functions in F. |
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Publisher |
ThinkMind |
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ISSN |
978-1-61208-165-6 |
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Notes |
Best Paper Award |
Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ icsea11 |
Serial |
14 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
From Boolean Functional Equations to Control Software |
Type |
Report |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
abs/1106.0468 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) at most O(nr), being n = |x| the number of arguments of functions in F and r the number of functions in F. |
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CoRR, Technical Report |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ |
Serial |
105 |
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Author |
Alimguzhin, V.; Mari, F.; Melatti, I.; Salvo, I.; Tronci, E. |
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Title |
Linearising Discrete Time Hybrid Systems |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
62 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
5357-5364 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
Model Based Design approaches for embedded systems aim at generating correct-by-construction control software, guaranteeing that the closed loop system (controller and plant) meets given system level formal specifications. This technical note addresses control synthesis for safety and reachability properties of possibly non-linear discrete time hybrid systems. By means of syntactical transformations that require non-linear terms to be Lipschitz continuous functions, we over-approximate non-linear dynamics with a linear system whose controllers are guaranteed to be controllers of the original system. We evaluate performance of our approach on meaningful control synthesis benchmarks, also comparing it to a state-of-the-art tool. |
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ISSN |
0018-9286 |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ ref7902199 |
Serial |
164 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Linear Constraints and Guarded Predicates as a Modeling Language for Discrete Time Hybrid Systems |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
International Journal on Advances in Software |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
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Volume |
vol. 6, nr 1&2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
155-169 |
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Keywords |
Model-based software design; Linear predicates; Hybrid systems |
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Abstract |
Model based design is particularly appealing in
software based control systems (e.g., embedded
software) design, since in such a case system
level specifications are much easier to define
than the control software behavior itself. In
turn, model based design of embedded systems
requires modeling both continuous subsystems
(typically, the plant) as well as discrete
subsystems (the controller). This is typically
done using hybrid systems. Mixed Integer Linear
Programming (MILP) based abstraction techniques
have been successfully applied to automatically
synthesize correct-by-construction control
software for discrete time linear hybrid systems,
where plant dynamics is modeled as a linear
predicate over state, input, and next state
variables. Unfortunately, MILP solvers require
such linear predicates to be conjunctions of
linear constraints, which is not a natural way of
modeling hybrid systems. In this paper we show
that, under the hypothesis that each variable
ranges over a bounded interval, any linear
predicate built upon conjunction and disjunction
of linear constraints can be automatically
translated into an equivalent conjunctive
predicate. Since variable bounds play a key role
in this translation, our algorithm includes a
procedure to compute all implicit variable bounds
of the given linear predicate. Furthermore, we
show that a particular form of linear predicates,
namely guarded predicates, are a natural and
powerful language to succinctly model discrete
time linear hybrid systems dynamics. Finally, we
experimentally show the feasibility of our
approach on an important and challenging case
study taken from the literature, namely the
multi-input Buck DC-DC Converter. As an example,
the guarded predicate that models (with 57
constraints) a 6-inputs Buck DC-DC Converter is
translated in a conjunctive predicate (with 102
linear constraints) in about 40 minutes. |
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Publisher |
IARIA |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Luigi Lavazza |
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ISSN |
1942-2628 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
115 |
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Author |
Mazzini, Silvia; Puri, Stefano; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Formal Verification at System Level |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
In: DAta Systems In Aerospace (DASIA), Org. EuroSpace, Canadian Space Agency, CNES, ESA, EUMETSAT. Instanbul, Turkey, EuroSpace |
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Abstract |
System Level Analysis calls for a language comprehensible to experts with different background and yet precise enough to support meaningful analyses. SysML is emerging as an effective balance between such conflicting goals. In this paper we outline some the results obtained as for SysML based system level functional formal verification by an ESA/ESTEC study, with a collaboration among INTECS and La Sapienza University of Roma. The study focuses on SysML based system level functional requirements techniques. |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Dasia09 |
Serial |
20 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Synchronized regular expressions |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Acta Inf. |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
39 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
31-70 |
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Abstract |
Text manipulation is one of the most common tasks for everyone using a computer. The increasing number of textual information in electronic format that every computer user collects everyday also increases the need of more powerful tools to interact with texts. Indeed, much work has been done to provide simple and versatile tools that can be useful for the most common text manipulation tasks. Regular Expressions (RE), introduced by Kleene, are well known in the formal language theory. RE have been extended in various ways, depending on the application of interest. In almost all the implementations of RE search algorithms (e.g. the egrep [15] UNIX command, or the Perl [20] language pattern matching constructs) we find backreferences, i.e. expressions that make reference to the string matched by a previous subexpression. Generally speaking, it seems that all kinds of synchronizations between subexpressions in a RE can be very useful when interacting with texts. In this paper we introduce the Synchronized Regular Expressions (SRE) as an extension of the Regular Expressions. We use SRE to present a formal study of the already known backreferences extension, and of a new extension proposed by us, which we call the synchronized exponents. Moreover, since we are dealing with formalisms that should have a practical utility and be used in real applications, we have the problem of how to present SRE to the final users. Therefore, in this paper we also propose a user-friendly syntax for SRE to be used in implementations of SRE-powered search algorithms. |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ actainf03 |
Serial |
39 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Synchronized Regular Expressions |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Electr. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. |
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62 |
Issue |
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Pages |
195-210 |
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Abstract |
Text manipulation is one of the most common tasks for everyone using a computer. The increasing number of textual information in electronic format that every computer user collects everyday stresses the need of more powerful tools to interact with texts. Indeed, much work has been done to provide nonprogramming tools that can be useful for the most common text manipulation issues. Regular Expressions (RE), introduced by Kleene, are well–known in the formal language theory. RE received several extensions, depending on the application of interest. In almost all the implementations of RE search algorithms (e.g. the egrep [A] UNIX command, or the Perl [17] language pattern matching constructs) we find backreferences (as defind in [1]), i.e. expressions that make reference to the string matched by a previous subexpression. Generally speaking, it seems that all the kinds of synchronizations between subexpressions in a RE can be very useful when interacting with texts. Therefore, we introduce the Synchronized Regular Expressions (SRE) as a derivation of the Regular Expressions. We use SRE to present a formal study of the already known backreferences extension, and of a new extension proposed by us, which we call the synchronized exponents. Moreover, since we are talking about formalisms that should have a practical utility and can be used in the real world, we have the problem of how to present SRE to the final users. Therefore, in this paper we also propose a user–friendly syntax for SRE to be used in implementations of SRE–powered search algorithms. |
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TOSCA 2001, Theory of Concurrency, Higher Order Languages and Types |
Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ entcs02 |
Serial |
46 |
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