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Author Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico url  openurl
  Title Quantized Feedback Control Software Synthesis from System Level Formal Specifications for Buck DC/DC Converters Type Report
  Year 2011 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume abs/1105.5640 Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems (SBCSs), that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of SBCS control software. In previous works we presented an algorithm, along with a tool QKS implementing it, that from a formal model (as a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System, DTLHS) of the controlled system (plant), implementation specifications (that is, number of bits in the Analog-to-Digital, AD, conversion) and System Level Formal Specifications (that is, safety and liveness requirements for the closed loop system) returns correct-by-construction control software that has a Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) linear in the number of AD bits and meets the given specifications. In this technical report we present full experimental results on using it to synthesize control software for two versions of buck DC-DC converters (single-input and multi-input), a widely used mixed-mode analog circuit.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher CoRR, Technical Report Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved (up) yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Serial 106  
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Author Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico url  openurl
  Title From Boolean Functional Equations to Control Software Type Report
  Year 2011 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume abs/1106.0468 Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) at most O(nr), being n = |x| the number of arguments of functions in F and r the number of functions in F.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher CoRR, Technical Report Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved (up) yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Serial 105  
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Author Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Bounded Probabilistic Model Checking with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier Type Conference Article
  Year 2004 Publication Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, 5th International Conference, FMCAD 2004, Austin, Texas, USA, November 15-17, 2004, Proceedings Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 214-229  
  Keywords  
  Abstract In this paper we present an explicit verification algorithm for Probabilistic Systems defining discrete time/finite state Markov Chains. We restrict ourselves to verification of Bounded PCTL formulas (BPCTL), that is, PCTL formulas in which all Until operators are bounded, possibly with different bounds. This means that we consider only paths (system runs) of bounded length. Given a Markov Chain $\cal M$ and a BPCTL formula Φ, our algorithm checks if Φ is satisfied in $\cal M$. This allows to verify important properties, such as reliability in Discrete Time Hybrid Systems. We present an implementation of our algorithm within a suitable extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We call FHP-Mur$\varphi$ (Finite Horizon Probabilistic Mur$\varphi$) such extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We give experimental results comparing FHP-Mur$\varphi$ with (a finite horizon subset of) PRISM, a state-of-the-art symbolic model checker for Markov Chains. Our experimental results show that FHP-Mur$\varphi$ can effectively handle verification of BPCTL formulas for systems that are out of reach for PRISM, namely those involving arithmetic operations on the state variables (e.g. hybrid systems).  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor Hu, A.J.; Martin, A.K.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Lecture Notes in Computer Science Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume 3312 Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 3-540-23738-0 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved (up) yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Dimtz04 Serial 87  
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Author Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico pdf  url
openurl 
  Title From Boolean Relations to Control Software Type Conference Article
  Year 2011 Publication Proceedings of ICSEA 2011, The Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 528-533  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) linear in nr, being n = |x| the number of input arguments for functions in F and r the number of functions in F.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher ThinkMind Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-1-61208-165-6 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Best Paper Award Approved (up) yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ icsea11 Serial 14  
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Author Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Synthesis of Quantized Feedback Control Software for Discrete Time Linear Hybrid Systems Type Conference Article
  Year 2010 Publication Computer Aided Verification Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 180-195  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We present an algorithm that given a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System returns a correct-by-construction software implementation K for a (near time optimal) robust quantized feedback controller for along with the set of states on which K is guaranteed to work correctly (controllable region). Furthermore, K has a Worst Case Execution Time linear in the number of bits of the quantization schema.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer Berlin / Heidelberg Place of Publication Editor Touili, T.; Cook, B.; Jackson, P.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Lecture Notes in Computer Science Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume 6174 Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved (up) yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ cav2010 Serial 16  
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Author Bobbio, Andrea; Ciancamerla, Ester; Di Blasi, Saverio; Iacomini, Alessandro; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Minichino, Michele; Scarlatti, Alessandro; Tronci, Enrico; Terruggia, Roberta; Zendri, Emilio pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Risk analysis via heterogeneous models of SCADA interconnecting Power Grids and Telco networks Type Conference Article
  Year 2009 Publication Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Risks and Security of Internet and Systems (CRiSIS) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 90-97  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The automation of power grids by means of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems has led to an improvement of power grid operations and functionalities but also to pervasive cyber interdependencies between power grids and telecommunication networks. Many power grid services are increasingly depending upon the adequate functionality of SCADA system which in turn strictly depends on the adequate functionality of its communication infrastructure. We propose to tackle the SCADA risk analysis by means of different and heterogeneous modeling techniques and software tools. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach through a case study on an actual SCADA system for an electrical power distribution grid. The modeling techniques we discuss aim at providing a probabilistic dependability analysis, followed by a worst case analysis in presence of malicious attacks and a real-time performance evaluation.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference Fourth International Conference on Risks and Security of Internet and Systems (CRiSIS)  
  Notes Approved (up) yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ crisis09 Serial 17  
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Author Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico; Alvisi, Lorenzo; Clement, Allen; Li, Harry pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Model Checking Coalition Nash Equilibria in MAD Distributed Systems Type Conference Article
  Year 2009 Publication Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems, 11th International Symposium, SSS 2009, Lyon, France, November 3-6, 2009. Proceedings Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 531-546  
  Keywords  
  Abstract We present two OBDD based model checking algorithms for the verification of Nash equilibria in finite state mechanisms modeling Multiple Administrative Domains (MAD) distributed systems with possibly colluding agents (coalitions) and with possibly faulty or malicious nodes (Byzantine agents). Given a finite state mechanism, a proposed protocol for each agent and the maximum sizes f for Byzantine agents and q for agents collusions, our model checkers return Pass if the proposed protocol is an ε-f-q-Nash equilibrium, i.e. no coalition of size up to q may have an interest greater than ε in deviating from the proposed protocol when up to f Byzantine agents are present, Fail otherwise. We implemented our model checking algorithms within the NuSMV model checker: the first one explicitly checks equilibria for each coalition, while the second represents symbolically all coalitions. We present experimental results showing their effectiveness for moderate size mechanisms. For example, we can verify coalition Nash equilibria for mechanisms which corresponding normal form games would have more than $5 \times 10^21$ entries. Moreover, we compare the two approaches, and the explicit algorithm turns out to outperform the symbolic one. To the best of our knowledge, no model checking algorithm for verification of Nash equilibria of mechanisms with coalitions has been previously published.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor Guerraoui, R.; Petit, F.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Lecture Notes in Computer Science Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume 5873 Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved (up) yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ sss09 Serial 19  
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Author Mazzini, Silvia; Puri, Stefano; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico pdf  openurl
  Title Formal Verification at System Level Type Conference Article
  Year 2009 Publication In: DAta Systems In Aerospace (DASIA), Org. EuroSpace, Canadian Space Agency, CNES, ESA, EUMETSAT. Instanbul, Turkey, EuroSpace Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract System Level Analysis calls for a language comprehensible to experts with different background and yet precise enough to support meaningful analyses. SysML is emerging as an effective balance between such conflicting goals. In this paper we outline some the results obtained as for SysML based system level functional formal verification by an ESA/ESTEC study, with a collaboration among INTECS and La Sapienza University of Roma. The study focuses on SysML based system level functional requirements techniques.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved (up) yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Dasia09 Serial 20  
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Author Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa pdf  openurl
  Title Synchronized regular expressions Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Acta Inf. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 39 Issue 1 Pages 31-70  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Text manipulation is one of the most common tasks for everyone using a computer. The increasing number of textual information in electronic format that every computer user collects everyday also increases the need of more powerful tools to interact with texts. Indeed, much work has been done to provide simple and versatile tools that can be useful for the most common text manipulation tasks. Regular Expressions (RE), introduced by Kleene, are well known in the formal language theory. RE have been extended in various ways, depending on the application of interest. In almost all the implementations of RE search algorithms (e.g. the egrep [15] UNIX command, or the Perl [20] language pattern matching constructs) we find backreferences, i.e. expressions that make reference to the string matched by a previous subexpression. Generally speaking, it seems that all kinds of synchronizations between subexpressions in a RE can be very useful when interacting with texts. In this paper we introduce the Synchronized Regular Expressions (SRE) as an extension of the Regular Expressions. We use SRE to present a formal study of the already known backreferences extension, and of a new extension proposed by us, which we call the synchronized exponents. Moreover, since we are dealing with formalisms that should have a practical utility and be used in real applications, we have the problem of how to present SRE to the final users. Therefore, in this paper we also propose a user-friendly syntax for SRE to be used in implementations of SRE-powered search algorithms.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved (up) yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ actainf03 Serial 39  
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Author Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Exploiting Transition Locality in the Disk Based Mur$\varphi$ Verifier Type Conference Article
  Year 2002 Publication 4th International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD) Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 202-219  
  Keywords  
  Abstract The main obstruction to automatic verification of Finite State Systems is the huge amount of memory required to complete the verification task (state explosion). This motivates research on distributed as well as disk based verification algorithms. In this paper we present a disk based Breadth First Explicit State Space Exploration algorithm as well as an implementation of it within the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. Our algorithm exploits transition locality (i.e. the statistical fact that most transitions lead to unvisited states or to recently visited states) to decrease disk read accesses thus reducing the time overhead due to disk usage. A disk based verification algorithm for Mur$\varphi$ has been already proposed in the literature. To measure the time speed up due to locality exploitation we compared our algorithm with such previously proposed algorithm. Our experimental results show that our disk based verification algorithm is typically more than 10 times faster than such previously proposed disk based verification algorithm. To measure the time overhead due to disk usage we compared our algorithm with RAM based verification using the (standard) Mur$\varphi$ verifier with enough memory to complete the verification task. Our experimental results show that even when using 1/10 of the RAM needed to complete verification, our disk based algorithm is only between 1.4 and 5.3 times (3 times on average) slower than (RAM) Mur$\varphi$ with enough RAM memory to complete the verification task at hand. Using our disk based Mur$\varphi$ we were able to complete verification of a protocol with about $10^9$ reachable states. This would require more than 5 gigabytes of RAM using RAM based Mur$\varphi$.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer Place of Publication Portland, OR, USA Editor Aagaard, M.; O'Leary, J.W.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Lecture Notes in Computer Science Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume 2517 Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 3-540-00116-6 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved (up) yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ fmcad02 Serial 41  
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