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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Finite Horizon Analysis of Stochastic Systems with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Theoretical Computer Science, 8th Italian Conference, ICTCS 2003, Bertinoro, Italy, October 13-15, 2003, Proceedings |
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Issue |
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Pages |
58-71 |
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Abstract |
Many reactive systems are actually Stochastic Processes. Automatic analysis of such systems is usually very difficult thus typically one simplifies the analysis task by using simulation or by working on a simplified model (e.g. a Markov Chain). We present a Finite Horizon Probabilistic Model Checking approach which essentially can handle the same class of stochastic processes of a typical simulator. This yields easy modeling of the system to be analyzed together with formal verification capabilities. Our approach is based on a suitable disk based extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. Moreover we present experimental results showing effectiveness of our approach. |
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Springer |
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Editor  |
Blundo, C.; Laneve, C. |
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Series Title |
Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
2841 |
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ISSN |
3-540-20216-1 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ DIMTZ03c |
Serial |
90 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico; Alvisi, Lorenzo; Clement, Allen; Li, Harry |
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Title |
Model Checking Nash Equilibria in MAD Distributed Systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
FMCAD '08: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design |
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Pages |
1-8 |
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Keywords |
Model Checking, MAD Distributed System, Nash Equilibrium |
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Abstract |
We present a symbolic model checking algorithm for verification of Nash equilibria in finite state mechanisms modeling Multiple Administrative Domains (MAD) distributed systems. Given a finite state mechanism, a proposed protocol for each agent and an indifference threshold for rewards, our model checker returns PASS if the proposed protocol is a Nash equilibrium (up to the given indifference threshold) for the given mechanism, FAIL otherwise. We implemented our model checking algorithm inside the NuSMV model checker and present experimental results showing its effectiveness for moderate size mechanisms. For example, we can handle mechanisms which corresponding normal form games would have more than $10^20$ entries. To the best of our knowledge, no model checking algorithm for verification of mechanism Nash equilibria has been previously published. |
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IEEE Press |
Place of Publication |
Piscataway, NJ, USA |
Editor |
Cimatti, A.; Jones, R. |
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978-1-4244-2735-2 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ MarMelSalTroAlvCle08 |
Serial |
93 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Integrating RAM and Disk Based Verification within the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods, 12th IFIP WG 10.5 Advanced Research Working Conference, CHARME 2003, L'Aquila, Italy, October 21-24, 2003, Proceedings |
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Pages |
277-282 |
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Abstract |
We present a verification algorithm that can automatically switch from RAM based verification to disk based verification without discarding the work done during the RAM based verification phase. This avoids having to choose beforehand the proper verification algorithm. Our experimental results show that typically our integrated algorithm is as fast as (sometime faster than) the fastest of the two base (i.e. RAM based and disk based) verification algorithms. |
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Springer |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Geist, D.; Tronci, E. |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
2860 |
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
3-540-20363-X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ DIMTZ03a |
Serial |
85 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Finite Horizon Analysis of Markov Chains with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods, 12th IFIP WG 10.5 Advanced Research Working Conference, CHARME 2003, L'Aquila, Italy, October 21-24, 2003, Proceedings |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
394-409 |
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Abstract |
In this paper we present an explicit disk based verification algorithm for Probabilistic Systems defining discrete time/finite state Markov Chains. Given a Markov Chain and an integer k (horizon), our algorithm checks whether the probability of reaching an error state in at most k steps is below a given threshold. We present an implementation of our algorithm within a suitable extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We call the resulting probabilistic model checker FHP-Mur$\varphi$ (Finite Horizon Probabilistic Mur$\varphi$). We present experimental results comparing FHP-Mur$\varphi$ with (a finite horizon subset of) PRISM, a state-of-the-art symbolic model checker for Markov Chains. Our experimental results show that FHP-Mur$\varphi$ can handle systems that are out of reach for PRISM, namely those involving arithmetic operations on the state variables (e.g. hybrid systems). |
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Springer |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Geist, D.; Tronci, E. |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
2860 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
3-540-20363-X |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Dimtz03 |
Serial |
84 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico; Alvisi, Lorenzo; Clement, Allen; Li, Harry |
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Title |
Model Checking Coalition Nash Equilibria in MAD Distributed Systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems, 11th International Symposium, SSS 2009, Lyon, France, November 3-6, 2009. Proceedings |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
531-546 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
We present two OBDD based model checking algorithms for the verification of Nash equilibria in finite state mechanisms modeling Multiple Administrative Domains (MAD) distributed systems with possibly colluding agents (coalitions) and with possibly faulty or malicious nodes (Byzantine agents). Given a finite state mechanism, a proposed protocol for each agent and the maximum sizes f for Byzantine agents and q for agents collusions, our model checkers return Pass if the proposed protocol is an ε-f-q-Nash equilibrium, i.e. no coalition of size up to q may have an interest greater than ε in deviating from the proposed protocol when up to f Byzantine agents are present, Fail otherwise. We implemented our model checking algorithms within the NuSMV model checker: the first one explicitly checks equilibria for each coalition, while the second represents symbolically all coalitions. We present experimental results showing their effectiveness for moderate size mechanisms. For example, we can verify coalition Nash equilibria for mechanisms which corresponding normal form games would have more than $5 \times 10^21$ entries. Moreover, we compare the two approaches, and the explicit algorithm turns out to outperform the symbolic one. To the best of our knowledge, no model checking algorithm for verification of Nash equilibria of mechanisms with coalitions has been previously published. |
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Springer |
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Editor |
Guerraoui, R.; Petit, F. |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
5873 |
Series Issue |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ sss09 |
Serial |
19 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Bounded Probabilistic Model Checking with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, 5th International Conference, FMCAD 2004, Austin, Texas, USA, November 15-17, 2004, Proceedings |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
214-229 |
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Abstract |
In this paper we present an explicit verification algorithm for Probabilistic Systems defining discrete time/finite state Markov Chains. We restrict ourselves to verification of Bounded PCTL formulas (BPCTL), that is, PCTL formulas in which all Until operators are bounded, possibly with different bounds. This means that we consider only paths (system runs) of bounded length. Given a Markov Chain $\cal M$ and a BPCTL formula Φ, our algorithm checks if Φ is satisfied in $\cal M$. This allows to verify important properties, such as reliability in Discrete Time Hybrid Systems. We present an implementation of our algorithm within a suitable extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We call FHP-Mur$\varphi$ (Finite Horizon Probabilistic Mur$\varphi$) such extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We give experimental results comparing FHP-Mur$\varphi$ with (a finite horizon subset of) PRISM, a state-of-the-art symbolic model checker for Markov Chains. Our experimental results show that FHP-Mur$\varphi$ can effectively handle verification of BPCTL formulas for systems that are out of reach for PRISM, namely those involving arithmetic operations on the state variables (e.g. hybrid systems). |
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Springer |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Hu, A.J.; Martin, A.K. |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
3312 |
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
3-540-23738-0 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Dimtz04 |
Serial |
87 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Linear Constraints and Guarded Predicates as a Modeling Language for Discrete Time Hybrid Systems |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
International Journal on Advances in Software |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
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Volume |
vol. 6, nr 1&2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
155-169 |
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Keywords |
Model-based software design; Linear predicates; Hybrid systems |
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Abstract |
Model based design is particularly appealing in
software based control systems (e.g., embedded
software) design, since in such a case system
level specifications are much easier to define
than the control software behavior itself. In
turn, model based design of embedded systems
requires modeling both continuous subsystems
(typically, the plant) as well as discrete
subsystems (the controller). This is typically
done using hybrid systems. Mixed Integer Linear
Programming (MILP) based abstraction techniques
have been successfully applied to automatically
synthesize correct-by-construction control
software for discrete time linear hybrid systems,
where plant dynamics is modeled as a linear
predicate over state, input, and next state
variables. Unfortunately, MILP solvers require
such linear predicates to be conjunctions of
linear constraints, which is not a natural way of
modeling hybrid systems. In this paper we show
that, under the hypothesis that each variable
ranges over a bounded interval, any linear
predicate built upon conjunction and disjunction
of linear constraints can be automatically
translated into an equivalent conjunctive
predicate. Since variable bounds play a key role
in this translation, our algorithm includes a
procedure to compute all implicit variable bounds
of the given linear predicate. Furthermore, we
show that a particular form of linear predicates,
namely guarded predicates, are a natural and
powerful language to succinctly model discrete
time linear hybrid systems dynamics. Finally, we
experimentally show the feasibility of our
approach on an important and challenging case
study taken from the literature, namely the
multi-input Buck DC-DC Converter. As an example,
the guarded predicate that models (with 57
constraints) a 6-inputs Buck DC-DC Converter is
translated in a conjunctive predicate (with 102
linear constraints) in about 40 minutes. |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
IARIA |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Luigi Lavazza |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1942-2628 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
115 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Synthesizing Control Software from Boolean Relations |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Journal on Advances in Software |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
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Volume |
vol. 5, nr 3&4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
212-223 |
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Keywords |
Control Software Synthesis; Embedded Systems; Model Checking |
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Abstract |
Many software as well digital hardware automatic
synthesis methods define the set of
implementations meeting the given system
specifications with a boolean relation K. In
such a context a fundamental step in the software
(hardware) synthesis process is finding effective
solutions to the functional equation defined by
K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean
function(s) F (typically represented using
OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams)
such that: 1) for all x for which K is
satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the
implementation of F is efficient with respect
to given implementation parameters such as code
size or execution time. While this problem has
been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis,
little has been done in a software synthesis
context. Unfortunately, the approaches developed
for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in
a software context. This motivates investigation
of effective methods to solve the above problem
when F has to be implemented with software. In
this paper, we present an algorithm that, from an
OBDD representation for K, generates a C code
implementation for F that has the same size as
the OBDD for F and a worst case execution time
linear in nr, being n = |x| the number of
input arguments for functions in F and r the
number of functions in F. Moreover, a formal
proof of the proposed algorithm correctness is
also shown. Finally, we present experimental
results showing effectiveness of the proposed
algorithm. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
IARIA |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Luigi Lavazza |
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Language |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1942-2628 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
108 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Minichino, Michele; Ciancamerla, Ester; Parisse, Andrea; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Automatic Verification of a Turbogas Control System with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, 6th International Workshop, HSCC 2003 Prague, Czech Republic, April 3-5, 2003, Proceedings |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
141-155 |
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Abstract |
Automatic analysis of Hybrid Systems poses formidable challenges both from a modeling as well as from a verification point of view. We present a case study on automatic verification of a Turbogas Control System (TCS) using an extended version of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. TCS is the heart of ICARO, a 2MW Co-generative Electric Power Plant. For large hybrid systems, as TCS is, the modeling effort accounts for a significant part of the whole verification activity. In order to ease our modeling effort we extended the Mur$\varphi$ verifier by importing the C language long double type (finite precision real numbers) into it. We give experimental results on running our extended Mur$\varphi$ on our TCS model. For example using Mur$\varphi$ we were able to compute an admissible range of values for the variation speed of the user demand of electric power to the turbogas. |
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Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Maler, O.; Pnueli, A. |
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Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
2623 |
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
3-540-00913-2 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Dimmcptz03 |
Serial |
88 |
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Author |
Tronci, Enrico; Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Exploiting Transition Locality in Automatic Verification |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
11th IFIP WG 10.5 Advanced Research Working Conference on Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods (CHARME) |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
259-274 |
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Keywords |
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Abstract |
In this paper we present an algorithm to contrast state explosion when using Explicit State Space Exploration to verify protocols. We show experimentally that protocols exhibit transition locality. We present a verification algorithm that exploits transition locality as well as an implementation of it within the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. Our algorithm is compatible with all Breadth First (BF) optimization techniques present in the Mur$\varphi$ verifier and it is by no means a substitute for any of them. In fact, since our algorithm trades space with time, it is typically most useful when one runs out of memory and has already used all other state reduction techniques present in the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. Our experimental results show that using our approach we can typically save more than 40% of RAM with an average time penalty of about 50% when using (Mur$\varphi$) bit compression and 100% when using bit compression and hash compaction. |
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Publisher |
Springer |
Place of Publication |
Livingston, Scotland, UK |
Editor |
Margaria, T.; Melham, T.F. |
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Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
2144 |
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
3-540-42541-1 |
ISBN |
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Area |
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Conference |
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Notes |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ charme01 |
Serial |
44 |
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