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Tronci, Enrico; Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
A Probabilistic Approach to Automatic Verification of Concurrent Systems |
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Conference Article |
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2001 |
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8th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC) |
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317-324 |
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The main barrier to automatic verification of concurrent systems is the huge amount of memory required to complete the verification task (state explosion). In this paper we present a probabilistic algorithm for automatic verification via model checking. Our algorithm trades space with time. In particular, when memory is full because of state explosion our algorithm does not give up verification. Instead it just proceeds at a lower speed and its results will only hold with some arbitrarily small error probability. Our preliminary experimental results show that by using our probabilistic algorithm we can typically save more than 30% of RAM with an average time penalty of about 100% w.r.t. a deterministic state space exploration with enough memory to complete the verification task. This is better than giving up the verification task because of lack of memory. |
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IEEE Computer Society |
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Macau, China |
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0-7695-1408-1 |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ apsec01 |
Serial |
43 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Exploiting Transition Locality in Automatic Verification of Finite State Concurrent Systems |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
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Sttt |
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6 |
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4 |
Pages |
320-341 |
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In this paper we show that statistical properties of the transition graph of a system to be verified can be exploited to improve memory or time performances of verification algorithms. We show experimentally that protocols exhibit transition locality. That is, with respect to levels of a breadth-first state space exploration, state transitions tend to be between states belonging to close levels of the transition graph. We support our claim by measuring transition locality for the set of protocols included in the Mur$\varphi$ verifier distribution. We present a cache-based verification algorithm that exploits transition locality to decrease memory usage and a disk-based verification algorithm that exploits transition locality to decrease disk read accesses, thus reducing the time overhead due to disk usage. Both algorithms have been implemented within the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. Our experimental results show that our cache-based algorithm can typically save more than 40% of memory with an average time penalty of about 50% when using (Mur$\varphi$) bit compression and 100% when using bit compression and hash compaction, whereas our disk-based verification algorithm is typically more than ten times faster than a previously proposed disk-based verification algorithm and, even when using 10% of the memory needed to complete verification, it is only between 40 and 530% (300% on average) slower than (RAM) Mur$\varphi$ with enough memory to complete the verification task at hand. Using just 300 MB of memory our disk-based Mur$\varphi$ was able to complete verification of a protocol with about $10^9$ reachable states. This would require more than 5 GB of memory using standard Mur$\varphi$. |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ DIMTZ04j |
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91 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Finite Horizon Analysis of Markov Chains with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods, 12th IFIP WG 10.5 Advanced Research Working Conference, CHARME 2003, L'Aquila, Italy, October 21-24, 2003, Proceedings |
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394-409 |
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In this paper we present an explicit disk based verification algorithm for Probabilistic Systems defining discrete time/finite state Markov Chains. Given a Markov Chain and an integer k (horizon), our algorithm checks whether the probability of reaching an error state in at most k steps is below a given threshold. We present an implementation of our algorithm within a suitable extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We call the resulting probabilistic model checker FHP-Mur$\varphi$ (Finite Horizon Probabilistic Mur$\varphi$). We present experimental results comparing FHP-Mur$\varphi$ with (a finite horizon subset of) PRISM, a state-of-the-art symbolic model checker for Markov Chains. Our experimental results show that FHP-Mur$\varphi$ can handle systems that are out of reach for PRISM, namely those involving arithmetic operations on the state variables (e.g. hybrid systems). |
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Springer |
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Geist, D.; Tronci, E. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
2860 |
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3-540-20363-X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Dimtz03 |
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84 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Finite horizon analysis of Markov Chains with the Mur$\varphi$ verifier |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
Publication |
Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf. |
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8 |
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4 |
Pages |
397-409 |
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In this paper we present an explicit disk-based verification algorithm for Probabilistic Systems defining discrete time/finite state Markov Chains. Given a Markov Chain and an integer k (horizon), our algorithm checks whether the probability of reaching an error state in at most k steps is below a given threshold. We present an implementation of our algorithm within a suitable extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We call the resulting probabilistic model checker FHP-Mur$\varphi$ (Finite Horizon Probabilistic Mur$\varphi$). We present experimental results comparing FHP-Mur$\varphi$ with (a finite horizon subset of) PRISM, a state-of-the-art symbolic model checker for Markov Chains. Our experimental results show that FHP-Mur$\varphi$ can handle systems that are out of reach for PRISM, namely those involving arithmetic operations on the state variables (e.g. hybrid systems). |
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Springer-Verlag |
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Berlin, Heidelberg |
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1433-2779 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Dimtz06 |
Serial |
78 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
CEGAR Based Bounded Model Checking of Discrete Time Hybrid Systems |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control (HSCC 2007) |
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399-412 |
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Model Checking, Abstraction, CEGAR, SAT, Hybrid Systems, DTHS |
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Many hybrid systems can be conveniently modeled as Piecewise Affine Discrete Time Hybrid Systems PA-DTHS. As well known Bounded Model Checking (BMC) for such systems comes down to solve a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) feasibility problem. We present a SAT based BMC algorithm for automatic verification of PA-DTHSs. Using Counterexample Guided Abstraction Refinement (CEGAR) our algorithm gradually transforms a PA-DTHS verification problem into larger and larger SAT problems. Our experimental results show that our approach can handle PA-DTHSs that are more then 50 times larger than those that can be handled using a MILP solver. |
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Springer |
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Bemporad, A.; Bicchi, A.; Buttazzo, G.C. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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4416 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ MarTro07 |
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92 |
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Author |
Mancini, T.; Mari, F.; Melatti, I.; Salvo, I.; Tronci, E.; Gruber, J.K.; Hayes, B.; Prodanovic, M.; Elmegaard, L. |
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Title |
User Flexibility Aware Price Policy Synthesis for Smart Grids |
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Conference Article |
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2015 |
Publication |
Digital System Design (DSD), 2015 Euromicro Conference on |
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478-485 |
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Contracts; Current measurement; Load management; Power demand; Power measurement; State estimation; Substations; Grid State Estimation; Peak Shaving; Policy Robustness Verification; Price Policy Synthesis |
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no |
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Sapienza @ preissler @ Mancini_etal2015_3 |
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136 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
From Boolean Relations to Control Software |
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Conference Article |
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2011 |
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Proceedings of ICSEA 2011, The Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances |
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528-533 |
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Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) linear in nr, being n = |x| the number of input arguments for functions in F and r the number of functions in F. |
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ThinkMind |
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978-1-61208-165-6 |
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Best Paper Award |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ icsea11 |
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14 |
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Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico; Alvisi, Lorenzo; Clement, Allen; Li, Harry |
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Title |
Model Checking Coalition Nash Equilibria in MAD Distributed Systems |
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Conference Article |
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2009 |
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Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems, 11th International Symposium, SSS 2009, Lyon, France, November 3-6, 2009. Proceedings |
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531-546 |
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We present two OBDD based model checking algorithms for the verification of Nash equilibria in finite state mechanisms modeling Multiple Administrative Domains (MAD) distributed systems with possibly colluding agents (coalitions) and with possibly faulty or malicious nodes (Byzantine agents). Given a finite state mechanism, a proposed protocol for each agent and the maximum sizes f for Byzantine agents and q for agents collusions, our model checkers return Pass if the proposed protocol is an ε-f-q-Nash equilibrium, i.e. no coalition of size up to q may have an interest greater than ε in deviating from the proposed protocol when up to f Byzantine agents are present, Fail otherwise. We implemented our model checking algorithms within the NuSMV model checker: the first one explicitly checks equilibria for each coalition, while the second represents symbolically all coalitions. We present experimental results showing their effectiveness for moderate size mechanisms. For example, we can verify coalition Nash equilibria for mechanisms which corresponding normal form games would have more than $5 \times 10^21$ entries. Moreover, we compare the two approaches, and the explicit algorithm turns out to outperform the symbolic one. To the best of our knowledge, no model checking algorithm for verification of Nash equilibria of mechanisms with coalitions has been previously published. |
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Springer |
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Guerraoui, R.; Petit, F. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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5873 |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ sss09 |
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19 |
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Toni Mancini; Enrico Tronci; Ivano Salvo; Federico Mari; Annalisa Massini; Igor Melatti |
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Computing Biological Model Parameters by Parallel Statistical Model Checking |
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2015 |
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International Work Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (IWBBIO 2015) |
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9044 |
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542-554 |
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MCLab @ davi @ |
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124 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Linear Constraints as a Modeling Language for Discrete Time Hybrid Systems |
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Conference Article |
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2012 |
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Proceedings of ICSEA 2012, The Seventh International Conference on Software Engineering Advances |
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664-671 |
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ThinkMind |
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Sapienza @ mari @ icsea12 |
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98 |
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