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Author  |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Model Based Synthesis of Control Software from System Level Formal Specifications |
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2013 |
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abs/1107.5638 |
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Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems, that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of embedded systems control software.
We present an algorithm, along with a tool QKS implementing it, that from a formal model (as a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System) of the controlled system (plant), implementation specifications (that is, number of bits in the Analog-to-Digital, AD, conversion) and System Level Formal Specifications (that is, safety and liveness requirements for the closed loop system) returns correct-by-construction control software that has a Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) linear in the number of AD bits and meets the given specifications.
We show feasibility of our approach by presenting experimental results on using it to synthesize control software for a buck DC-DC converter, a widely used mixed-mode analog circuit, and for the inverted pendulum. |
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CoRR, Technical Report |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ |
Serial |
104 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Linear Constraints as a Modeling Language for Discrete Time Hybrid Systems |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
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Proceedings of ICSEA 2012, The Seventh International Conference on Software Engineering Advances |
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664-671 |
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ThinkMind |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ icsea12 |
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98 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Control Software Visualization |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
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Proceedings of INFOCOMP 2012, The Second International Conference on Advanced Communications and Computation |
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15-20 |
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ThinkMind |
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978-1-61208-226-4 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ infocomp2012 |
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100 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Undecidability of Quantized State Feedback Control for Discrete Time Linear Hybrid Systems |
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Book Chapter |
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2012 |
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Theoretical Aspects of Computing – ICTAC 2012 |
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243-258 |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
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Roychoudhury, A.; D'Souza, M. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
7521 |
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978-3-642-32942-5 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Mari2012 |
Serial |
99 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Quantized Feedback Control Software Synthesis from System Level Formal Specifications for Buck DC/DC Converters |
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Report |
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2011 |
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abs/1105.5640 |
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Abstract |
Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems (SBCSs), that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of SBCS control software. In previous works we presented an algorithm, along with a tool QKS implementing it, that from a formal model (as a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System, DTLHS) of the controlled system (plant), implementation specifications (that is, number of bits in the Analog-to-Digital, AD, conversion) and System Level Formal Specifications (that is, safety and liveness requirements for the closed loop system) returns correct-by-construction control software that has a Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) linear in the number of AD bits and meets the given specifications. In this technical report we present full experimental results on using it to synthesize control software for two versions of buck DC-DC converters (single-input and multi-input), a widely used mixed-mode analog circuit. |
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CoRR, Technical Report |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ |
Serial |
106 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
From Boolean Functional Equations to Control Software |
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Report |
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Year |
2011 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
abs/1106.0468 |
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Abstract |
Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) at most O(nr), being n = |x| the number of arguments of functions in F and r the number of functions in F. |
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CoRR, Technical Report |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ |
Serial |
105 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
From Boolean Relations to Control Software |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Proceedings of ICSEA 2011, The Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances |
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528-533 |
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Abstract |
Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) linear in nr, being n = |x| the number of input arguments for functions in F and r the number of functions in F. |
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ThinkMind |
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978-1-61208-165-6 |
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Best Paper Award |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ icsea11 |
Serial |
14 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Synthesis of Quantized Feedback Control Software for Discrete Time Linear Hybrid Systems |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Computer Aided Verification |
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180-195 |
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We present an algorithm that given a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System returns a correct-by-construction software implementation K for a (near time optimal) robust quantized feedback controller for along with the set of states on which K is guaranteed to work correctly (controllable region). Furthermore, K has a Worst Case Execution Time linear in the number of bits of the quantization schema. |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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Touili, T.; Cook, B.; Jackson, P. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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6174 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ cav2010 |
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16 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico; Alvisi, Lorenzo; Clement, Allen; Li, Harry |
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Title |
Model Checking Coalition Nash Equilibria in MAD Distributed Systems |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2009 |
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Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems, 11th International Symposium, SSS 2009, Lyon, France, November 3-6, 2009. Proceedings |
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531-546 |
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We present two OBDD based model checking algorithms for the verification of Nash equilibria in finite state mechanisms modeling Multiple Administrative Domains (MAD) distributed systems with possibly colluding agents (coalitions) and with possibly faulty or malicious nodes (Byzantine agents). Given a finite state mechanism, a proposed protocol for each agent and the maximum sizes f for Byzantine agents and q for agents collusions, our model checkers return Pass if the proposed protocol is an ε-f-q-Nash equilibrium, i.e. no coalition of size up to q may have an interest greater than ε in deviating from the proposed protocol when up to f Byzantine agents are present, Fail otherwise. We implemented our model checking algorithms within the NuSMV model checker: the first one explicitly checks equilibria for each coalition, while the second represents symbolically all coalitions. We present experimental results showing their effectiveness for moderate size mechanisms. For example, we can verify coalition Nash equilibria for mechanisms which corresponding normal form games would have more than $5 \times 10^21$ entries. Moreover, we compare the two approaches, and the explicit algorithm turns out to outperform the symbolic one. To the best of our knowledge, no model checking algorithm for verification of Nash equilibria of mechanisms with coalitions has been previously published. |
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Springer |
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Guerraoui, R.; Petit, F. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
5873 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ sss09 |
Serial |
19 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico; Alvisi, Lorenzo; Clement, Allen; Li, Harry |
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Title |
Model Checking Nash Equilibria in MAD Distributed Systems |
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Conference Article |
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2008 |
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FMCAD '08: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design |
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1-8 |
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Keywords |
Model Checking, MAD Distributed System, Nash Equilibrium |
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We present a symbolic model checking algorithm for verification of Nash equilibria in finite state mechanisms modeling Multiple Administrative Domains (MAD) distributed systems. Given a finite state mechanism, a proposed protocol for each agent and an indifference threshold for rewards, our model checker returns PASS if the proposed protocol is a Nash equilibrium (up to the given indifference threshold) for the given mechanism, FAIL otherwise. We implemented our model checking algorithm inside the NuSMV model checker and present experimental results showing its effectiveness for moderate size mechanisms. For example, we can handle mechanisms which corresponding normal form games would have more than $10^20$ entries. To the best of our knowledge, no model checking algorithm for verification of mechanism Nash equilibria has been previously published. |
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IEEE Press |
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Piscataway, NJ, USA |
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Cimatti, A.; Jones, R. |
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978-1-4244-2735-2 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ MarMelSalTroAlvCle08 |
Serial |
93 |
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