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Author Sinisi, S.; Alimguzhin, V.; Mancini, T.; Tronci, E. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Reconciling interoperability with efficient Verification and Validation within open source simulation environments Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages 102277  
  Keywords Simulation, Verification and Validation, Interoperability, FMI/FMU, Model Exchange, Cyber-Physical Systems  
  Abstract A Cyber-Physical System (CPS) comprises physical as well as software subsystems. Simulation-based approaches are typically used to support design and Verification and Validation (V&V) of CPSs in several domains such as: aerospace, defence, automotive, smart grid and healthcare. Accordingly, many simulation-based tools are available to support CPS design. This, on one side, enables designers to choose the toolchain that best suits their needs, on the other side poses huge interoperability challenges when one needs to simulate CPSs whose subsystems have been designed and modelled using different toolchains. To overcome such an interoperability problem, in 2010 the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) has been proposed as an open standard to support both Model Exchange (ME) and Co-Simulation (CS) of simulation models created with different toolchains. FMI has been adopted by several modelling and simulation environments. Models adhering to such a standard are called Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs). Indeed FMUs play an essential role in defining complex CPSs through, e.g., the System Structure and Parametrization (SSP) standard. Simulation-based V&V of CPSs typically requires exploring different simulation scenarios (i.e., exogenous input sequences to the CPS under design). Many such scenarios have a shared prefix. Accordingly, to avoid simulating many times such shared prefixes, the simulator state at the end of a shared prefix is saved and then restored and used as a start state for the simulation of the next scenario. In this context, an important FMI feature is the capability to save and restore the internal FMU state on demand. This is crucial to increase efficiency of simulation-based V&V. Unfortunately, the implementation of this feature is not mandatory and it is available only within some commercial software. As a result, the interoperability enabled by the FMI standard cannot be fully exploited for V&V when using open-source simulation environments. This motivates developing such a feature for open-source CPS simulation environments. Accordingly, in this paper, we focus on JModelica, an open-source modelling and simulation environment for CPSs based on an open standard modelling language, namely Modelica. We describe how we have endowed JModelica with our open-source implementation of the FMI 2.0 functions needed to save and restore internal states of FMUs for ME. Furthermore, we present experimental results evaluating, through 934 benchmark models, correctness and efficiency of our extended JModelica. Our experimental results show that simulation-based V&V is, on average, 22 times faster with our get/set functionality than without it.  
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  ISSN 1569-190x ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number MCLab @ davi @ Sinisi2021102277 Serial 186  
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Author Fischer, S.; Ehrig, R.; Schaefer, S.; Tronci, E.; Mancini, T.; Egli, M.; Ille, F.; Krueger, T.H.C.; Leeners, B.; Roeblitz, S. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Provides Evidence for New Strategies of Ovarian Stimulation Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication Frontiers in Endocrinology Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume 12 Issue Pages 117  
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  Abstract New approaches to ovarian stimulation protocols, such as luteal start, random start or double stimulation, allow for flexibility in ovarian stimulation at different phases of the menstrual cycle. It has been proposed that the success of these methods is based on the continuous growth of multiple cohorts (“waves”) of follicles throughout the menstrual cycle which leads to the availability of ovarian follicles for ovarian controlled stimulation at several time points. Though several preliminary studies have been published, their scientific evidence has not been considered as being strong enough to integrate these results into routine clinical practice. This work aims at adding further scientific evidence about the efficiency of variable-start protocols and underpinning the theory of follicular waves by using mathematical modeling and numerical simulations. For this purpose, we have modified and coupled two previously published models, one describing the time course of hormones and one describing competitive follicular growth in a normal menstrual cycle. The coupled model is used to test ovarian stimulation protocols in silico. Simulation results show the occurrence of follicles in a wave-like manner during a normal menstrual cycle and qualitatively predict the outcome of ovarian stimulation initiated at different time points of the menstrual cycle.  
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  ISSN 1664-2392 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number MCLab @ davi @ ref10.3389/fendo.2021.613048 Serial 189  
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Author Melatti, I.; Mari, F.; Mancini, T.; Prodanovic, M.; Tronci, E. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title A Two-Layer Near-Optimal Strategy for Substation Constraint Management via Home Batteries Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-1  
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  Abstract Within electrical distribution networks, substation constraints management requires that aggregated power demand from residential users is kept within suitable bounds. Efficiency of substation constraints management can be measured as the reduction of constraints violations w.r.t. unmanaged demand. Home batteries hold the promise of enabling efficient and user-oblivious substation constraints management. Centralized control of home batteries would achieve optimal efficiency. However, it is hardly acceptable by users, since service providers (e.g., utilities or aggregators) would directly control batteries at user premises. Unfortunately, devising efficient hierarchical control strategies, thus overcoming the above problem, is far from easy. We present a novel two-layer control strategy for home batteries that avoids direct control of home devices by the service provider and at the same time yields near-optimal substation constraints management efficiency. Our simulation results on field data from 62 households in Denmark show that the substation constraints management efficiency achieved with our approach is at least 82% of the one obtained with a theoretical optimal centralized strategy.  
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  Notes To appear Approved no  
  Call Number MCLab @ davi @ ref9513535 Serial 190  
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Author Mancini, T.; Melatti, I.; Tronci, E. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Any-horizon uniform random sampling and enumeration of constrained scenarios for simulation-based formal verification Type Journal Article
  Year 2021 Publication IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages 1-1  
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  Abstract Model-based approaches to the verification of non-terminating Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) usually rely on numerical simulation of the System Under Verification (SUV) model under input scenarios of possibly varying duration, chosen among those satisfying given constraints. Such constraints typically stem from requirements (or assumptions) on the SUV inputs and its operational environment as well as from the enforcement of additional conditions aiming at, e.g., prioritising the (often extremely long) verification activity, by, e.g., focusing on scenarios explicitly exercising selected requirements, or avoiding </i>vacuity</i> in their satisfaction. In this setting, the possibility to efficiently sample at random (with a known distribution, e.g., uniformly) within, or to efficiently enumerate (possibly in a uniformly random order) scenarios among those satisfying all the given constraints is a key enabler for the practical viability of the verification process, e.g., via simulation-based statistical model checking. Unfortunately, in case of non-trivial combinations of constraints, iterative approaches like Markovian random walks in the space of sequences of inputs in general fail in extracting scenarios according to a given distribution (e.g., uniformly), and can be very inefficient to produce at all scenarios that are both legal (with respect to SUV assumptions) and of interest (with respect to the additional constraints). For example, in our case studies, up to 91% of the scenarios generated using such iterative approaches would need to be neglected. In this article, we show how, given a set of constraints on the input scenarios succinctly defined by multiple finite memory monitors, a data structure (scenario generator) can be synthesised, from which any-horizon scenarios satisfying the input constraints can be efficiently extracted by (possibly uniform) random sampling or (randomised) enumeration. Our approach enables seamless support to virtually all simulation-based approaches to CPS verification, ranging from simple random testing to statistical model checking and formal (i.e., exhaustive) verification, when a suitable bound on the horizon or an iterative horizon enlargement strategy is defined, as in the spirit of bounded model checking.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1939-3520 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes To appear Approved no  
  Call Number MCLab @ davi @ ref9527998 Serial 191  
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Author Tronci, Enrico pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Introductory Paper Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Sttt Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume 8 Issue 4-5 Pages 355-358  
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  Abstract In today’s competitive market designing of digital systems (hardware as well as software) faces tremendous challenges. In fact, notwithstanding an ever decreasing project budget, time to market and product lifetime, designers are faced with an ever increasing system complexity and customer expected quality. The above situation calls for better and better formal verification techniques at all steps of the design flow. This special issue is devoted to publishing revised versions of contributions first presented at the 12th Advanced Research Working Conference on Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods (CHARME) held 21–24 October 2003 in L’Aquila, Italy. Authors of well regarded papers from CHARME’03 were invited to submit to this special issue. All papers included here have been suitably extended and have undergone an independent round of reviewing.  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ sttt06 Serial 30  
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Author Della Penna, Giuseppe; Magazzeni, Daniele; Tofani, Alberto; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Automated Generation Of Optimal Controllers Through Model Checking Techniques Type Book Chapter
  Year 2008 Publication Informatics in Control Automation and Robotics. Selected Papers from ICINCO 2006 Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages 107-119  
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  Publisher Springer Place of Publication Editor  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Dmtmt08 Serial 26  
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Author Bartolini, Novella; Tronci, Enrico pdf  openurl
  Title On Optimizing Service Availability of an Internet Based Architecture for Infrastructure Protection Type Conference Article
  Year 2006 Publication Cnip Abbreviated Journal (down)  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Bt06 Serial 28  
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Author Cecconi, Michele; Tronci, Enrico pdf  doi
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  Title Requirements Formalization and Validation for a Telecommunication Equipment Protection Switcher Type Conference Article
  Year 2000 Publication Hase Abbreviated Journal (down)  
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  Publisher IEEE Computer Society Place of Publication Editor  
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  ISSN 0-7695-0927-4 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ CeTro00 Serial 29  
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Author Cesta, Amedeo; Finzi, Alberto; Fratini, Simone; Orlandini, Andrea; Tronci, Enrico pdf  openurl
  Title Merging Planning, Scheduling & Verification – A Preliminary Analysis Type Conference Article
  Year 2008 Publication In Proc. of 10th ESA Workshop on Advanced Space Technologies for Robotics and Automation (ASTRA) Abbreviated Journal (down)  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Astra08 Serial 24  
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Author Cesta, Amedeo; Finzi, Alberto; Fratini, Simone; Orlandini, Andrea; Tronci, Enrico pdf  openurl
  Title Validation and Verification Issues in a Timeline-based Planning System Type Conference Article
  Year 2008 Publication In E-Proc. of ICAPS Workshop on Knowledge Engineering for Planning and Scheduling Abbreviated Journal (down)  
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  Abstract One of the key points to take into account to foster effective introduction of AI planning and scheduling systems in real world is to develop end user trust in the related technologies. Automated planning and scheduling systems often brings solutions to the users which are neither “obviousÃ¢â‚¬Âť nor immediately acceptable for them. This is due to the ability of these tools to take into account quite an amount of temporal and causal constraints and to employ resolution processes often designed to optimize the solution with respect to non trivial evaluation functions. To increase technology trust, the study of tools for verifying and validating plans and schedules produced by AI systems might be instrumental. In general, validation and verification techniques represent a needed complementary technology in developing domain independent architectures for automated problem solving. This paper presents a preliminary report of the issues concerned with the use of two software tools for formal verification of finite state systems to the validation of the solutions produced by MrSPOCK, a recent effort for building a timeline based planning tool in an ESA project.  
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  Notes Approved yes  
  Call Number Sapienza @ mari @ Keps08 Serial 25  
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