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Author | Mancini, T.; Melatti, I.; Tronci, E. | ||||
Title | Any-horizon uniform random sampling and enumeration of constrained scenarios for simulation-based formal verification | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-1 | ||
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Abstract | Model-based approaches to the verification of non-terminating Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) usually rely on numerical simulation of the System Under Verification (SUV) model under input scenarios of possibly varying duration, chosen among those satisfying given constraints. Such constraints typically stem from requirements (or assumptions) on the SUV inputs and its operational environment as well as from the enforcement of additional conditions aiming at, e.g., prioritising the (often extremely long) verification activity, by, e.g., focusing on scenarios explicitly exercising selected requirements, or avoiding </i>vacuity</i> in their satisfaction. In this setting, the possibility to efficiently sample at random (with a known distribution, e.g., uniformly) within, or to efficiently enumerate (possibly in a uniformly random order) scenarios among those satisfying all the given constraints is a key enabler for the practical viability of the verification process, e.g., via simulation-based statistical model checking. Unfortunately, in case of non-trivial combinations of constraints, iterative approaches like Markovian random walks in the space of sequences of inputs in general fail in extracting scenarios according to a given distribution (e.g., uniformly), and can be very inefficient to produce at all scenarios that are both legal (with respect to SUV assumptions) and of interest (with respect to the additional constraints). For example, in our case studies, up to 91% of the scenarios generated using such iterative approaches would need to be neglected. In this article, we show how, given a set of constraints on the input scenarios succinctly defined by multiple finite memory monitors, a data structure (scenario generator) can be synthesised, from which any-horizon scenarios satisfying the input constraints can be efficiently extracted by (possibly uniform) random sampling or (randomised) enumeration. Our approach enables seamless support to virtually all simulation-based approaches to CPS verification, ranging from simple random testing to statistical model checking and formal (i.e., exhaustive) verification, when a suitable bound on the horizon or an iterative horizon enlargement strategy is defined, as in the spirit of bounded model checking. | ||||
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ISSN | 1939-3520 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | To appear | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | MCLab @ davi @ ref9527998 | Serial | 191 | ||
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Author | Mancini, T.; Tronci, E.; Scialanca, A.; Lanciotti, F.; Finzi, A.; Guarneri, R.; Di Pompeo, S. | ||||
Title | Optimal Fault-Tolerant Placement of Relay Nodes in a Mission Critical Wireless Network | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | 25th RCRA International Workshop on “Experimental Evaluation of Algorithms for Solving Problems with Combinatorial Explosion” (RCRA 2018) | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Call Number | MCLab @ davi @ | Serial | 174 | ||
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Author | Mancini, Toni ; Mari, Federico ; Massini, Annalisa; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | System Level Formal Verification via Distributed Multi-Core Hardware in the Loop Simulation | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Proc. of the 22nd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing | Abbreviated Journal | Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing |
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Publisher | IEEE Computer Society | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Call Number | Sapienza @ melatti @ | Serial | 118 | ||
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Author | Mancini, Toni; Mari, Federico; Massini, Annalisa; Melatti, Igor; Merli, Fabio; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | System Level Formal Verification via Model Checking Driven Simulation | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification. July 13-19, 2013, Saint Petersburg, Russia | Abbreviated Journal | CAV 2013 |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 296-312 | ||
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Publisher | Springer - Verlag | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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Series Editor | Series Title | Lecture Notes in Computer Science | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
Series Volume | 8044 | Series Issue | Edition | ||
ISSN | 0302-9743 | ISBN | 978-3-642-39798-1 | Medium | |
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Notes | Approved | yes | |||
Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ | Serial | 113 | ||
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Author | Mancini, Toni; Mari, Federico; Massini, Annalisa; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | Anytime System Level Verification via Random Exhaustive Hardware In The Loop Simulation | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | In Proceedings of 17th EuroMicro Conference on Digital System Design (DSD 2014) | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Call Number | MCLab @ davi @ | Serial | 122 | ||
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Author | Mancini, Toni; Mari, Federico; Massini, Annalisa; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | SyLVaaS: System Level Formal Verification as a Service | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Proceedings of the 23rd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-based Processing (PDP 2015), special session on Formal Approaches to Parallel and Distributed Systems (4PAD) | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | MCLab @ davi @ | Serial | 123 | ||
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Author | Mancini, Toni; Mari, Federico; Massini, Annalisa; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | Simulator Semantics for System Level Formal Verification | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Proceedings Sixth International Symposium on Games, Automata, Logics and Formal Verification (GandALF 2015), | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | MCLab @ davi @ | Serial | 125 | ||
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Author | Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | Synthesizing Control Software from Boolean Relations | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | International Journal on Advances in Software | Abbreviated Journal | Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
Volume | vol. 5, nr 3&4 | Issue | Pages | 212-223 | |
Keywords | Control Software Synthesis; Embedded Systems; Model Checking | ||||
Abstract | Many software as well digital hardware automatic
synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately, the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper, we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a worst case execution time linear in nr, being n = |x| the number of input arguments for functions in F and r the number of functions in F. Moreover, a formal proof of the proposed algorithm correctness is also shown. Finally, we present experimental results showing effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. |
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Publisher | IARIA | Place of Publication | Editor | Luigi Lavazza | |
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ISSN | 1942-2628 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | yes | |||
Call Number | Sapienza @ melatti @ | Serial | 108 | ||
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Author | Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | Linear Constraints and Guarded Predicates as a Modeling Language for Discrete Time Hybrid Systems | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | International Journal on Advances in Software | Abbreviated Journal | Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
Volume | vol. 6, nr 1&2 | Issue | Pages | 155-169 | |
Keywords | Model-based software design; Linear predicates; Hybrid systems | ||||
Abstract | Model based design is particularly appealing in
software based control systems (e.g., embedded software) design, since in such a case system level specifications are much easier to define than the control software behavior itself. In turn, model based design of embedded systems requires modeling both continuous subsystems (typically, the plant) as well as discrete subsystems (the controller). This is typically done using hybrid systems. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) based abstraction techniques have been successfully applied to automatically synthesize correct-by-construction control software for discrete time linear hybrid systems, where plant dynamics is modeled as a linear predicate over state, input, and next state variables. Unfortunately, MILP solvers require such linear predicates to be conjunctions of linear constraints, which is not a natural way of modeling hybrid systems. In this paper we show that, under the hypothesis that each variable ranges over a bounded interval, any linear predicate built upon conjunction and disjunction of linear constraints can be automatically translated into an equivalent conjunctive predicate. Since variable bounds play a key role in this translation, our algorithm includes a procedure to compute all implicit variable bounds of the given linear predicate. Furthermore, we show that a particular form of linear predicates, namely guarded predicates, are a natural and powerful language to succinctly model discrete time linear hybrid systems dynamics. Finally, we experimentally show the feasibility of our approach on an important and challenging case study taken from the literature, namely the multi-input Buck DC-DC Converter. As an example, the guarded predicate that models (with 57 constraints) a 6-inputs Buck DC-DC Converter is translated in a conjunctive predicate (with 102 linear constraints) in about 40 minutes. |
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Publisher | IARIA | Place of Publication | Editor | Luigi Lavazza | |
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1942-2628 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | yes | |||
Call Number | Sapienza @ melatti @ | Serial | 115 | ||
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Author | Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico | ||||
Title | From Boolean Relations to Control Software | Type | Conference Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Proceedings of ICSEA 2011, The Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 528-533 | ||
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Abstract | Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) linear in nr, being n = |x| the number of input arguments for functions in F and r the number of functions in F. | ||||
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Publisher | ThinkMind | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 978-1-61208-165-6 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Best Paper Award | Approved | yes | ||
Call Number | Sapienza @ mari @ icsea11 | Serial | 14 | ||
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