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Author |
Mancini, T.; Mari, F.; Massini, A.; Melatti, I.; Tronci, E. |
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Title |
On Checking Equivalence of Simulation Scripts |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming |
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100640 |
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Keywords |
Formal verification, Simulation based formal verification, Formal Verification of cyber-physical systems, System-level formal verification |
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Abstract |
To support Model Based Design of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) many simulation based approaches to System Level Formal Verification (SLFV) have been devised. Basically, these are Bounded Model Checking approaches (since simulation horizon is of course bounded) relying on simulators to compute the system dynamics and thereby verify the given system properties. The main obstacle to simulation based SLFV is the large number of simulation scenarios to be considered and thus the huge amount of simulation time needed to complete the verification task. To save on computation time, simulation based SLFV approaches exploit the capability of simulators to save and restore simulation states. Essentially, such a time saving is obtained by optimising the simulation script defining the simulation activity needed to carry out the verification task. Although such approaches aim to (bounded) formal verification, as a matter of fact, the proof of correctness of the methods to optimise simulation scripts basically relies on an intuitive semantics for simulation scripting languages. This hampers the possibility of formally showing that the optimisations introduced to speed up the simulation activity do not actually omit checking of relevant behaviours for the system under verification. The aim of this paper is to fill the above gap by presenting an operational semantics for simulation scripting languages and by proving soundness and completeness properties for it. This, in turn, enables formal proofs of equivalence between unoptimised and optimised simulation scripts. |
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2352-2208 |
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no |
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MCLab @ davi @ Mancini2021100640 |
Serial |
183 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Exploiting Transition Locality in the Disk Based Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2002 |
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4th International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD) |
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202-219 |
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The main obstruction to automatic verification of Finite State Systems is the huge amount of memory required to complete the verification task (state explosion). This motivates research on distributed as well as disk based verification algorithms. In this paper we present a disk based Breadth First Explicit State Space Exploration algorithm as well as an implementation of it within the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. Our algorithm exploits transition locality (i.e. the statistical fact that most transitions lead to unvisited states or to recently visited states) to decrease disk read accesses thus reducing the time overhead due to disk usage. A disk based verification algorithm for Mur$\varphi$ has been already proposed in the literature. To measure the time speed up due to locality exploitation we compared our algorithm with such previously proposed algorithm. Our experimental results show that our disk based verification algorithm is typically more than 10 times faster than such previously proposed disk based verification algorithm. To measure the time overhead due to disk usage we compared our algorithm with RAM based verification using the (standard) Mur$\varphi$ verifier with enough memory to complete the verification task. Our experimental results show that even when using 1/10 of the RAM needed to complete verification, our disk based algorithm is only between 1.4 and 5.3 times (3 times on average) slower than (RAM) Mur$\varphi$ with enough RAM memory to complete the verification task at hand. Using our disk based Mur$\varphi$ we were able to complete verification of a protocol with about $10^9$ reachable states. This would require more than 5 gigabytes of RAM using RAM based Mur$\varphi$. |
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Springer |
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Portland, OR, USA |
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Aagaard, M.; O'Leary, J.W. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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2517 |
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3-540-00116-6 |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ fmcad02 |
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41 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Di Marco, Antinisca; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Pierantonio, Alfonso |
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Title |
Xere: Towards a Natural Interoperability between XML and ER Diagrams |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 6th International Conference, FASE 2003, Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2003, Warsaw, Poland, April 7-11, 2003, Proceedings |
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356-371 |
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XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is becoming the standard format for documents on Internet and is widely used to exchange data. Often, the relevant information contained in XML documents needs to be also stored in legacy databases (DB) in order to integrate the new data with the pre-existing ones. In this paper, we introduce a technique for the automatic XML-DB integration, which we call Xere. In particular we present, as the first step of Xere, the mapping algorithm which allows the translation of XML Schemas into Entity-Relationship diagrams. |
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Springer |
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Pezzè, M. |
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Series Title |
Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
2621 |
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ISSN |
3-540-00899-3 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Ddimp03 |
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86 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Minichino, Michele; Ciancamerla, Ester; Parisse, Andrea; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Automatic Verification of a Turbogas Control System with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, 6th International Workshop, HSCC 2003 Prague, Czech Republic, April 3-5, 2003, Proceedings |
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141-155 |
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Automatic analysis of Hybrid Systems poses formidable challenges both from a modeling as well as from a verification point of view. We present a case study on automatic verification of a Turbogas Control System (TCS) using an extended version of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. TCS is the heart of ICARO, a 2MW Co-generative Electric Power Plant. For large hybrid systems, as TCS is, the modeling effort accounts for a significant part of the whole verification activity. In order to ease our modeling effort we extended the Mur$\varphi$ verifier by importing the C language long double type (finite precision real numbers) into it. We give experimental results on running our extended Mur$\varphi$ on our TCS model. For example using Mur$\varphi$ we were able to compute an admissible range of values for the variation speed of the user demand of electric power to the turbogas. |
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Springer |
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Maler, O.; Pnueli, A. |
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Series Title |
Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
2623 |
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ISSN |
3-540-00913-2 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Dimmcptz03 |
Serial |
88 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Finite Horizon Analysis of Stochastic Systems with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Theoretical Computer Science, 8th Italian Conference, ICTCS 2003, Bertinoro, Italy, October 13-15, 2003, Proceedings |
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58-71 |
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Many reactive systems are actually Stochastic Processes. Automatic analysis of such systems is usually very difficult thus typically one simplifies the analysis task by using simulation or by working on a simplified model (e.g. a Markov Chain). We present a Finite Horizon Probabilistic Model Checking approach which essentially can handle the same class of stochastic processes of a typical simulator. This yields easy modeling of the system to be analyzed together with formal verification capabilities. Our approach is based on a suitable disk based extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. Moreover we present experimental results showing effectiveness of our approach. |
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Springer |
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Blundo, C.; Laneve, C. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
2841 |
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3-540-20216-1 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ DIMTZ03c |
Serial |
90 |
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Charme |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Volume |
2860 |
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Springer |
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Editor |
Geist, D.; Tronci, E. |
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3-540-20363-X |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ editor-charme03 |
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37 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Finite Horizon Analysis of Markov Chains with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods, 12th IFIP WG 10.5 Advanced Research Working Conference, CHARME 2003, L'Aquila, Italy, October 21-24, 2003, Proceedings |
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394-409 |
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In this paper we present an explicit disk based verification algorithm for Probabilistic Systems defining discrete time/finite state Markov Chains. Given a Markov Chain and an integer k (horizon), our algorithm checks whether the probability of reaching an error state in at most k steps is below a given threshold. We present an implementation of our algorithm within a suitable extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We call the resulting probabilistic model checker FHP-Mur$\varphi$ (Finite Horizon Probabilistic Mur$\varphi$). We present experimental results comparing FHP-Mur$\varphi$ with (a finite horizon subset of) PRISM, a state-of-the-art symbolic model checker for Markov Chains. Our experimental results show that FHP-Mur$\varphi$ can handle systems that are out of reach for PRISM, namely those involving arithmetic operations on the state variables (e.g. hybrid systems). |
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Springer |
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Geist, D.; Tronci, E. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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2860 |
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3-540-20363-X |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ Dimtz03 |
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84 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Integrating RAM and Disk Based Verification within the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
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Conference Article |
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2003 |
Publication |
Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods, 12th IFIP WG 10.5 Advanced Research Working Conference, CHARME 2003, L'Aquila, Italy, October 21-24, 2003, Proceedings |
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Pages |
277-282 |
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We present a verification algorithm that can automatically switch from RAM based verification to disk based verification without discarding the work done during the RAM based verification phase. This avoids having to choose beforehand the proper verification algorithm. Our experimental results show that typically our integrated algorithm is as fast as (sometime faster than) the fastest of the two base (i.e. RAM based and disk based) verification algorithms. |
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Springer |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Geist, D.; Tronci, E. |
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Series Title |
Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
2860 |
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3-540-20363-X |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ DIMTZ03a |
Serial |
85 |
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Author |
Martinelli, Marco; Tronci, Enrico; Dipoppa, Giovanni; Balducelli, Claudio |
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Title |
Electric Power System Anomaly Detection Using Neural Networks |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
8th International Conference on: Knowledge-Based Intelligent Information and Engineering Systems (KES) |
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1242-1248 |
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The aim of this work is to propose an approach to monitor and protect Electric Power System by learning normal system behaviour at substations level, and raising an alarm signal when an abnormal status is detected; the problem is addressed by the use of autoassociative neural networks, reading substation measures. Experimental results show that, through the proposed approach, neural networks can be used to learn parameters underlaying system behaviour, and their output processed to detecting anomalies due to hijacking of measures, changes in the power network topology (i.e. transmission lines breaking) and unexpected power demand trend. |
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Springer |
Place of Publication |
Wellington, New Zealand |
Editor |
Negoita, M.G.; Howlett, R.J.; Jain, L.C. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
3213 |
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ISSN |
3-540-23318-0 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ kes04 |
Serial |
35 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Bounded Probabilistic Model Checking with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, 5th International Conference, FMCAD 2004, Austin, Texas, USA, November 15-17, 2004, Proceedings |
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214-229 |
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In this paper we present an explicit verification algorithm for Probabilistic Systems defining discrete time/finite state Markov Chains. We restrict ourselves to verification of Bounded PCTL formulas (BPCTL), that is, PCTL formulas in which all Until operators are bounded, possibly with different bounds. This means that we consider only paths (system runs) of bounded length. Given a Markov Chain $\cal M$ and a BPCTL formula Φ, our algorithm checks if Φ is satisfied in $\cal M$. This allows to verify important properties, such as reliability in Discrete Time Hybrid Systems. We present an implementation of our algorithm within a suitable extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We call FHP-Mur$\varphi$ (Finite Horizon Probabilistic Mur$\varphi$) such extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We give experimental results comparing FHP-Mur$\varphi$ with (a finite horizon subset of) PRISM, a state-of-the-art symbolic model checker for Markov Chains. Our experimental results show that FHP-Mur$\varphi$ can effectively handle verification of BPCTL formulas for systems that are out of reach for PRISM, namely those involving arithmetic operations on the state variables (e.g. hybrid systems). |
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Springer |
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Hu, A.J.; Martin, A.K. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
3312 |
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ISSN |
3-540-23738-0 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Dimtz04 |
Serial |
87 |
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