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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Model Based Synthesis of Control Software from System Level Formal Specifications |
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Year |
2013 |
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abs/1107.5638 |
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Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems, that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of embedded systems control software.
We present an algorithm, along with a tool QKS implementing it, that from a formal model (as a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System) of the controlled system (plant), implementation specifications (that is, number of bits in the Analog-to-Digital, AD, conversion) and System Level Formal Specifications (that is, safety and liveness requirements for the closed loop system) returns correct-by-construction control software that has a Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) linear in the number of AD bits and meets the given specifications.
We show feasibility of our approach by presenting experimental results on using it to synthesize control software for a buck DC-DC converter, a widely used mixed-mode analog circuit, and for the inverted pendulum. |
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CoRR, Technical Report |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ |
Serial |
104 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
From Boolean Functional Equations to Control Software |
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Report |
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Year |
2011 |
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Volume |
abs/1106.0468 |
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Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) at most O(nr), being n = |x| the number of arguments of functions in F and r the number of functions in F. |
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CoRR, Technical Report |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ |
Serial |
105 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Quantized Feedback Control Software Synthesis from System Level Formal Specifications for Buck DC/DC Converters |
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Report |
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Year |
2011 |
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abs/1105.5640 |
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Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems (SBCSs), that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of SBCS control software. In previous works we presented an algorithm, along with a tool QKS implementing it, that from a formal model (as a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System, DTLHS) of the controlled system (plant), implementation specifications (that is, number of bits in the Analog-to-Digital, AD, conversion) and System Level Formal Specifications (that is, safety and liveness requirements for the closed loop system) returns correct-by-construction control software that has a Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) linear in the number of AD bits and meets the given specifications. In this technical report we present full experimental results on using it to synthesize control software for two versions of buck DC-DC converters (single-input and multi-input), a widely used mixed-mode analog circuit. |
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CoRR, Technical Report |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ |
Serial |
106 |
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Author |
Kuijpers, Ed; Carotenuto, Luigi; Malapert, Jean-Cristophe; Markov-Vetter, Daniela; Melatti, Igor; Orlandini, Andrea; Pinchuk, Ranni |
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Title |
Collaboration on ISS Experiment Data and Knowledge Representation |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proc. of IAC 2012 |
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D.5.11 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
107 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Synthesizing Control Software from Boolean Relations |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
International Journal on Advances in Software |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
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Volume |
vol. 5, nr 3&4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
212-223 |
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Keywords |
Control Software Synthesis; Embedded Systems; Model Checking |
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Abstract |
Many software as well digital hardware automatic
synthesis methods define the set of
implementations meeting the given system
specifications with a boolean relation K. In
such a context a fundamental step in the software
(hardware) synthesis process is finding effective
solutions to the functional equation defined by
K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean
function(s) F (typically represented using
OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams)
such that: 1) for all x for which K is
satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the
implementation of F is efficient with respect
to given implementation parameters such as code
size or execution time. While this problem has
been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis,
little has been done in a software synthesis
context. Unfortunately, the approaches developed
for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in
a software context. This motivates investigation
of effective methods to solve the above problem
when F has to be implemented with software. In
this paper, we present an algorithm that, from an
OBDD representation for K, generates a C code
implementation for F that has the same size as
the OBDD for F and a worst case execution time
linear in nr, being n = |x| the number of
input arguments for functions in F and r the
number of functions in F. Moreover, a formal
proof of the proposed algorithm correctness is
also shown. Finally, we present experimental
results showing effectiveness of the proposed
algorithm. |
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Publisher |
IARIA |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Luigi Lavazza |
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ISSN |
1942-2628 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
108 |
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Author |
Alimguzhin, Vadim; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
On-the-Fly Control Software Synthesis |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Proceedings of International SPIN Symposium on Model Checking of Software (SPIN 2013) |
Abbreviated Journal |
International SPIN Symposium on Model Checking of Software |
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Pages |
61-80 |
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Springer - Verlag |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
7976 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0302-9743 |
ISBN |
978-3-642-39175-0 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
111 |
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Author |
Alimguzhin, Vadim; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
A Map-Reduce Parallel Approach to Automatic Synthesis of Control Software |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Proc. of International SPIN Symposium on Model Checking of Software (SPIN 2013) |
Abbreviated Journal |
International SPIN Symposium on Model Checking of Software |
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Pages |
43-60 |
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Springer - Verlag |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
7976 |
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ISSN |
0302-9743 |
ISBN |
978-3-642-39175-0 |
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no |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
112 |
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Author |
Mancini, Toni; Mari, Federico; Massini, Annalisa; Melatti, Igor; Merli, Fabio; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
System Level Formal Verification via Model Checking Driven Simulation |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification. July 13-19, 2013, Saint Petersburg, Russia |
Abbreviated Journal |
CAV 2013 |
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Pages |
296-312 |
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Springer - Verlag |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
8044 |
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0302-9743 |
ISBN |
978-3-642-39798-1 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ |
Serial |
113 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Linear Constraints and Guarded Predicates as a Modeling Language for Discrete Time Hybrid Systems |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
International Journal on Advances in Software |
Abbreviated Journal |
Intern. Journal on Advances in SW |
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Volume |
vol. 6, nr 1&2 |
Issue |
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Pages |
155-169 |
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Keywords |
Model-based software design; Linear predicates; Hybrid systems |
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Abstract |
Model based design is particularly appealing in
software based control systems (e.g., embedded
software) design, since in such a case system
level specifications are much easier to define
than the control software behavior itself. In
turn, model based design of embedded systems
requires modeling both continuous subsystems
(typically, the plant) as well as discrete
subsystems (the controller). This is typically
done using hybrid systems. Mixed Integer Linear
Programming (MILP) based abstraction techniques
have been successfully applied to automatically
synthesize correct-by-construction control
software for discrete time linear hybrid systems,
where plant dynamics is modeled as a linear
predicate over state, input, and next state
variables. Unfortunately, MILP solvers require
such linear predicates to be conjunctions of
linear constraints, which is not a natural way of
modeling hybrid systems. In this paper we show
that, under the hypothesis that each variable
ranges over a bounded interval, any linear
predicate built upon conjunction and disjunction
of linear constraints can be automatically
translated into an equivalent conjunctive
predicate. Since variable bounds play a key role
in this translation, our algorithm includes a
procedure to compute all implicit variable bounds
of the given linear predicate. Furthermore, we
show that a particular form of linear predicates,
namely guarded predicates, are a natural and
powerful language to succinctly model discrete
time linear hybrid systems dynamics. Finally, we
experimentally show the feasibility of our
approach on an important and challenging case
study taken from the literature, namely the
multi-input Buck DC-DC Converter. As an example,
the guarded predicate that models (with 57
constraints) a 6-inputs Buck DC-DC Converter is
translated in a conjunctive predicate (with 102
linear constraints) in about 40 minutes. |
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Publisher |
IARIA |
Place of Publication |
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Editor |
Luigi Lavazza |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1942-2628 |
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Approved |
yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
115 |
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Author |
Verzino Giovanni ; Cavaliere, Federico; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Minei, Giovanni; Salvo, Ivano; Yushtein, Yuri; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Model checking driven simulation of sat procedures |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Space Operations (SpaceOps 2012) |
Abbreviated Journal |
International Conference on Space Operations |
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no |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ melatti @ |
Serial |
117 |
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