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Author |
Tronci, Enrico |
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Title  |
Automatic Synthesis of Controllers from Formal Specifications |
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Conference Article |
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1998 |
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Proc of 2nd IEEE International Conference on Formal Engineering Methods (ICFEM) |
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134-143 |
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Many safety critical reactive systems are indeed embedded control systems. Usually a control system can be partitioned into two main subsystems: a controller and a plant. Roughly speaking: the controller observes the state of the plant and sends commands (stimulus) to the plant to achieve predefined goals. We show that when the plant can be modeled as a deterministic finite state system (FSS) it is possible to effectively use formal methods to automatically synthesize the program implementing the controller from the plant model and the given formal specifications for the closed loop system (plant+controller). This guarantees that the controller program is correct by construction. To the best of our knowledge there is no previously published effective algorithm to extract executable code for the controller from closed loop formal specifications. We show practical usefulness of our techniques by giving experimental results on their use to synthesize C programs implementing optimal controllers (OCs) for plants with more than 109 states. |
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Brisbane, Queensland, Australia |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ icfem98 |
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52 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Magazzeni, Daniele; Tofani, Alberto; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Automatic Synthesis of Robust Numerical Controllers |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Icas '07 |
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4 |
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A major problem of numerical controllers is their robustness, i.e. the state read from the plant may not be in the controller table, although it may be close to some states in the table. For continuous systems, this problem is typically handled by interpolation techniques. Unfortunately, when the plant contains both continuous and discrete variables, the interpolation approach does not work well. To cope with this kind of systems, we propose a general methodology that exploits explicit model checking in an innovative way to automatically synthesize a (time-) optimal numerical controller from a plant specification and apply an optimized strengthening algorithm only on the most significant states, in order to reach an acceptable robustness degree. We implemented all the algorithms within our CGMurphi tool, an extension of the well-known CMurphi verifier, and tested the effectiveness of our approach by applying it to the well-known truck and trailer obstacles avoidance problem. |
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IEEE Computer Society |
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0-7695-2859-5 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Dmtimt07 |
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89 |
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Author |
Ciancamerla, Ester; Minichino, Michele; Serro, Stefano; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Automatic Timeliness Verification of a Public Mobile Network |
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Conference Article |
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2003 |
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22nd International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability, and Security (SAFECOMP) |
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35-48 |
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This paper deals with the automatic verification of the timeliness of Public Mobile Network (PMN), consisting of Mobile Nodes (MNs) and Base Stations (BSs). We use the Mur$\varphi$ Model Checker to verify that the waiting access time of each MN, under different PMN configurations and loads, and different inter arrival times of MNs in a BS cell, is always below a preassigned threshold. Our experimental results show that Model Checking can be successfully used to generate worst case scenarios and nicely complements probabilistic methods and simulation which are typically used for performance evaluation. |
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Springer |
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Edinburgh, UK |
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Anderson, S.; Felici, M.; Littlewood, B. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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2788 |
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978-3-540-20126-7 |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ safecomp03 |
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38 |
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Author |
Pugliese, Rosario; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
Automatic Verification of a Hydroelectric Power Plant |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
1996 |
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Third International Symposium of Formal Methods Europe (FME), Co-Sponsored by IFIP WG 14.3 |
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425-444 |
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We analyze the specification of a hydroelectric power plant by ENEL (the Italian Electric Company). Our goal is to show that for the specification of the plant (its control system in particular) some given properties hold. We were provided with an informal specification of the plant. From such informal specification we wrote a formal specification using the CCS/Meije process algebra formalism. We defined properties using μ-calculus. Automatic verification was carried out using model checking. This was done by translating our process algebra definitions (the model) and μ-calculus formulas into BDDs. In this paper we present the informal specification of the plant, its formal specification, some of the properties we verified and experimental results. |
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Springer |
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Oxford, UK |
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Gaudel, M.-C.; Woodcock, J. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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1051 |
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3-540-60973-3 |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ fme96 |
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53 |
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Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Minichino, Michele; Ciancamerla, Ester; Parisse, Andrea; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Automatic Verification of a Turbogas Control System with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2003 |
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Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control, 6th International Workshop, HSCC 2003 Prague, Czech Republic, April 3-5, 2003, Proceedings |
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141-155 |
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Automatic analysis of Hybrid Systems poses formidable challenges both from a modeling as well as from a verification point of view. We present a case study on automatic verification of a Turbogas Control System (TCS) using an extended version of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. TCS is the heart of ICARO, a 2MW Co-generative Electric Power Plant. For large hybrid systems, as TCS is, the modeling effort accounts for a significant part of the whole verification activity. In order to ease our modeling effort we extended the Mur$\varphi$ verifier by importing the C language long double type (finite precision real numbers) into it. We give experimental results on running our extended Mur$\varphi$ on our TCS model. For example using Mur$\varphi$ we were able to compute an admissible range of values for the variation speed of the user demand of electric power to the turbogas. |
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Springer |
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Maler, O.; Pnueli, A. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Series Volume |
2623 |
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3-540-00913-2 |
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yes |
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Call Number |
Sapienza @ mari @ Dimmcptz03 |
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88 |
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Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa |
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Title |
Bounded Probabilistic Model Checking with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier |
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Conference Article |
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Year |
2004 |
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Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design, 5th International Conference, FMCAD 2004, Austin, Texas, USA, November 15-17, 2004, Proceedings |
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214-229 |
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In this paper we present an explicit verification algorithm for Probabilistic Systems defining discrete time/finite state Markov Chains. We restrict ourselves to verification of Bounded PCTL formulas (BPCTL), that is, PCTL formulas in which all Until operators are bounded, possibly with different bounds. This means that we consider only paths (system runs) of bounded length. Given a Markov Chain $\cal M$ and a BPCTL formula Φ, our algorithm checks if Φ is satisfied in $\cal M$. This allows to verify important properties, such as reliability in Discrete Time Hybrid Systems. We present an implementation of our algorithm within a suitable extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We call FHP-Mur$\varphi$ (Finite Horizon Probabilistic Mur$\varphi$) such extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We give experimental results comparing FHP-Mur$\varphi$ with (a finite horizon subset of) PRISM, a state-of-the-art symbolic model checker for Markov Chains. Our experimental results show that FHP-Mur$\varphi$ can effectively handle verification of BPCTL formulas for systems that are out of reach for PRISM, namely those involving arithmetic operations on the state variables (e.g. hybrid systems). |
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Springer |
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Hu, A.J.; Martin, A.K. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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3312 |
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3-540-23738-0 |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ Dimtz04 |
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87 |
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Author |
Mari, Federico; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
CEGAR Based Bounded Model Checking of Discrete Time Hybrid Systems |
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Conference Article |
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2007 |
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Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control (HSCC 2007) |
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399-412 |
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Keywords |
Model Checking, Abstraction, CEGAR, SAT, Hybrid Systems, DTHS |
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Many hybrid systems can be conveniently modeled as Piecewise Affine Discrete Time Hybrid Systems PA-DTHS. As well known Bounded Model Checking (BMC) for such systems comes down to solve a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) feasibility problem. We present a SAT based BMC algorithm for automatic verification of PA-DTHSs. Using Counterexample Guided Abstraction Refinement (CEGAR) our algorithm gradually transforms a PA-DTHS verification problem into larger and larger SAT problems. Our experimental results show that our approach can handle PA-DTHSs that are more then 50 times larger than those that can be handled using a MILP solver. |
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Springer |
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Bemporad, A.; Bicchi, A.; Buttazzo, G.C. |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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4416 |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ MarTro07 |
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92 |
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Author |
Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Magazzeni, Daniele; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico |
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Title |
CGMurphi: Automatic synthesis of numerical controllers for nonlinear hybrid systems |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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European Journal of Control |
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European Journal of Control |
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19 |
Issue |
1 |
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14-36 |
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Elsevier North-Holland, Inc. |
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0947-3580 |
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no |
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Sapienza @ melatti @ |
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114 |
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Charme |
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Conference Article |
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2003 |
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Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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2860 |
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Springer |
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Geist, D.; Tronci, E. |
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3-540-20363-X |
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yes |
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Sapienza @ mari @ editor-charme03 |
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37 |
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Leeners, B.; Krueger, T.; Geraedts, K.; Tronci, E.; Mancini, T.; Ille, F.; Egli, M.; Roeblitz, S.; Wunder, D.; Saleh, L.; Schippert, C.; Hengartner, M.P. |
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Title |
Cognitive function in association with high estradiol levels resulting from fertility treatment |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Hormones and Behavior |
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130 |
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104951 |
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Cognition, Estrogen, Estradiol, Fertility treatment, Attention, Cognitive bias |
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The putative association between hormones and cognitive performance is controversial. While there is evidence that estradiol plays a neuroprotective role, hormone treatment has not been shown to improve cognitive performance. Current research is flawed by the evaluation of combined hormonal effects throughout the menstrual cycle or in the menopausal transition. The stimulation phase of a fertility treatment offers a unique model to study the effect of estradiol on cognitive function. This quasi-experimental observational study is based on data from 44 women receiving IVF in Zurich, Switzerland. We assessed visuospatial working memory, attention, cognitive bias, and hormone levels at the beginning and at the end of the stimulation phase of ovarian superstimulation as part of a fertility treatment. In addition to inter-individual differences, we examined intra-individual change over time (within-subject effects). The substantial increases in estradiol levels resulting from fertility treatment did not relate to any considerable change in cognitive functioning. As the tests applied represent a broad variety of cognitive functions on different levels of complexity and with various brain regions involved, we can conclude that estradiol does not show a significant short-term effect on cognitive function. |
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0018-506x |
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MCLab @ davi @ Leeners2021104951 |
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185 |
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