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	Author	Melatti, I.; Mari, F.; Mancini, T.; Prodanovic, M.; Tronci, E.
	Title	A Two-Layer Near-Optimal Strategy for Substation Constraint Management via Home Batteries			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-1
	Keywords
	Abstract	Within electrical distribution networks, substation constraints management requires that aggregated power demand from residential users is kept within suitable bounds. Efficiency of substation constraints management can be measured as the reduction of constraints violations w.r.t. unmanaged demand. Home batteries hold the promise of enabling efficient and user-oblivious substation constraints management. Centralized control of home batteries would achieve optimal efficiency. However, it is hardly acceptable by users, since service providers (e.g., utilities or aggregators) would directly control batteries at user premises. Unfortunately, devising efficient hierarchical control strategies, thus overcoming the above problem, is far from easy. We present a novel two-layer control strategy for home batteries that avoids direct control of home devices by the service provider and at the same time yields near-optimal substation constraints management efficiency. Our simulation results on field data from 62 households in Denmark show that the substation constraints management efficiency achieved with our approach is at least 82% of the one obtained with a theoretical optimal centralized strategy.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	To appear			Approved	no
	Call Number	MCLab @ davi @ ref9513535			Serial	190
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	Author	Mancini, T.; Melatti, I.; Tronci, E.
	Title	Any-horizon uniform random sampling and enumeration of constrained scenarios for simulation-based formal verification			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-1
	Keywords
	Abstract	Model-based approaches to the verification of non-terminating Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) usually rely on numerical simulation of the System Under Verification (SUV) model under input scenarios of possibly varying duration, chosen among those satisfying given constraints. Such constraints typically stem from requirements (or assumptions) on the SUV inputs and its operational environment as well as from the enforcement of additional conditions aiming at, e.g., prioritising the (often extremely long) verification activity, by, e.g., focusing on scenarios explicitly exercising selected requirements, or avoiding </i>vacuity</i> in their satisfaction. In this setting, the possibility to efficiently sample at random (with a known distribution, e.g., uniformly) within, or to efficiently enumerate (possibly in a uniformly random order) scenarios among those satisfying all the given constraints is a key enabler for the practical viability of the verification process, e.g., via simulation-based statistical model checking. Unfortunately, in case of non-trivial combinations of constraints, iterative approaches like Markovian random walks in the space of sequences of inputs in general fail in extracting scenarios according to a given distribution (e.g., uniformly), and can be very inefficient to produce at all scenarios that are both legal (with respect to SUV assumptions) and of interest (with respect to the additional constraints). For example, in our case studies, up to 91% of the scenarios generated using such iterative approaches would need to be neglected. In this article, we show how, given a set of constraints on the input scenarios succinctly defined by multiple finite memory monitors, a data structure (scenario generator) can be synthesised, from which any-horizon scenarios satisfying the input constraints can be efficiently extracted by (possibly uniform) random sampling or (randomised) enumeration. Our approach enables seamless support to virtually all simulation-based approaches to CPS verification, ranging from simple random testing to statistical model checking and formal (i.e., exhaustive) verification, when a suitable bound on the horizon or an iterative horizon enlargement strategy is defined, as in the spirit of bounded model checking.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1939-3520	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	To appear			Approved	no
	Call Number	MCLab @ davi @ ref9527998			Serial	191
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	Author	Intrigila, Benedetto; Magazzeni, Daniele; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	A Model Checking Technique for the Verification of Fuzzy Control Systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	CIMCA '05: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet Commerce Vol-1 (CIMCA-IAWTIC'06)	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	536-542
	Keywords
	Abstract	Fuzzy control is well known as a powerful technique for designing and realizing control systems. However, statistical evidence for their correct behavior may be not enough, even when it is based on a large number of samplings. In order to provide a more systematic verification process, the cell-to-cell mapping technology has been used in a number of cases as a verification tool for fuzzy control systems and, more recently, to assess their optimality and robustness. However, cell-to-cell mapping is typically limited in the number of cells it can explore. To overcome this limitation, in this paper we show how model checking techniques may be instead used to verify the correct behavior of a fuzzy control system. To this end, we use a modified version of theMurphi verifier, which ease the modeling phase by allowing to use finite precision real numbers and external C functions. In this way, also already designed simulators may be used for the verification phase. With respect to the cell mapping technique, our approach appears to be complementary; indeed, it explores a much larger number of states, at the cost of being less informative on the global dynamic of the system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IEEE Computer Society	Place of Publication	Washington, DC, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0-7695-2504-0-01	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Immt05			Serial	75
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	Author	Alimguzhin, Vadim; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	A Map-Reduce Parallel Approach to Automatic Synthesis of Control Software			Type	Report
	Year	2012	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	abs/1210.2276	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Many Control Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems, i.e. control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of control software. Available algorithms and tools (e.g., QKS) may require weeks or even months of computation to synthesize control software for large-size systems. This motivates search for parallel algorithms for control software synthesis. In this paper, we present a map-reduce style parallel algorithm for control software synthesis when the controlled system (plant) is modeled as discrete time linear hybrid system. Furthermore we present an MPI-based implementation PQKS of our algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first parallel approach for control software synthesis. We experimentally show effectiveness of PQKS on two classical control synthesis problems: the inverted pendulum and the multi-input buck DC/DC converter. Experiments show that PQKS efficiency is above 65%. As an example, PQKS requires about 16 hours to complete the synthesis of control software for the pendulum on a cluster with 60 processors, instead of the 25 days needed by the sequential algorithm in QKS.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	CoRR, Technical Report	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @			Serial	101
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	Author	Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Venturini Zilli, Marisa
	Title	Finite Horizon Analysis of Markov Chains with the Mur$\varphi$ Verifier			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Correct Hardware Design and Verification Methods, 12th IFIP WG 10.5 Advanced Research Working Conference, CHARME 2003, L'Aquila, Italy, October 21-24, 2003, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	394-409
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper we present an explicit disk based verification algorithm for Probabilistic Systems defining discrete time/finite state Markov Chains. Given a Markov Chain and an integer k (horizon), our algorithm checks whether the probability of reaching an error state in at most k steps is below a given threshold. We present an implementation of our algorithm within a suitable extension of the Mur$\varphi$ verifier. We call the resulting probabilistic model checker FHP-Mur$\varphi$ (Finite Horizon Probabilistic Mur$\varphi$). We present experimental results comparing FHP-Mur$\varphi$ with (a finite horizon subset of) PRISM, a state-of-the-art symbolic model checker for Markov Chains. Our experimental results show that FHP-Mur$\varphi$ can handle systems that are out of reach for PRISM, namely those involving arithmetic operations on the state variables (e.g. hybrid systems).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor	Geist, D.; Tronci, E.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Lecture Notes in Computer Science	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	2860	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	3-540-20363-X	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Dimtz03			Serial	84
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	Author	Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Exploiting Hub States in Automatic Verification			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis: Third International Symposium, ATVA 2005, Taipei, Taiwan, October 4-7, 2005, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	54-68
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper we present a new algorithm to counteract state explosion when using Explicit State Space Exploration to verify protocol-like systems. We sketch the implementation of our algorithm within the Caching Mur$\varphi$ verifier and give experimental results showing its effectiveness. We show experimentally that, when memory is a scarce resource, our algorithm improves on the time performances of Caching Mur$\varphi$ verification algorithm, saving between 16% and 68% (45% on average) in computation time.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor	D.A. Peled; Y.-K. Tsay
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Lecture Notes in Computer Science	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	3707	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	3-540-29209-8	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Dimt04			Serial	83
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	Author	Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tofani, Alberto; Macchiarelli, Guido
	Title	Computational models of myocardial endomysial collagen arrangement			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	86	Issue	3	Pages	232-244
	Keywords
	Abstract	Collagen extracellular matrix is one of the factors related to high passive stiffness of cardiac muscle. However, the architecture and the mechanical aspects of the cardiac collagen matrix are not completely known. In particular, endomysial collagen contribution to the passive mechanics of cardiac muscle as well as its micro anatomical arrangement is still a matter of debate. In order to investigate mechanical and structural properties of endomysial collagen, we consider two alternative computational models of some specific aspects of the cardiac muscle. These two models represent two different views of endomysial collagen distribution: (1) the traditional view and (2) a new view suggested by the data obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in NaOH macerated samples (a method for isolating collagen from the other tissue). We model the myocardial tissue as a net of spring elements representing the cardiomyocytes together with the endomysial collagen distribution. Each element is a viscous elastic spring, characterized by an elastic and a viscous constant. We connect these springs to imitate the interconnections between collagen fibers. Then we apply to the net of springs some external forces of suitable magnitude and direction, obtaining an extension of the net itself. In our setting, the ratio forces magnitude /net extension is intended to model the stress /strain ratio of a microscopical portion of the myocardial tissue. To solve the problem of the correct identification of the values of the different parameters involved, we use an artificial neural network approach. In particular, we use this technique to learn, given a distribution of external forces, the elastic constants of the springs needed to obtain a desired extension as an equilibrium position. Our experimental findings show that, in the model of collagen distribution structured according to the new view, a given stress /strain ratio (of the net of springs, in the sense specified above) is obtained with much smaller (w.r.t. the other model, corresponding to the traditional view) elasticity constants of the springs. This seems to indicate that by an appropriate structure, a given stiffness of the myocardial tissue can be obtained with endomysial collagen fibers of much smaller size.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier North-Holland, Inc.	Place of Publication	New York, NY, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0169-2607	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Imtm07			Serial	82
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	Author	Melatti, Igor; Palmer, Robert; Sawaya, Geoffrey; Yang, Yu; Kirby, Robert Mike; Gopalakrishnan, Ganesh
	Title	Parallel and Distributed Model Checking in Eddy			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Model Checking Software, 13th International SPIN Workshop, Vienna, Austria, March 30 – April 1, 2006, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	108-125
	Keywords
	Abstract	Model checking of safety properties can be scaled up by pooling the CPU and memory resources of multiple computers. As compute clusters containing 100s of nodes, with each node realized using multi-core (e.g., 2) CPUs will be widespread, a model checker based on the parallel (shared memory) and distributed (message passing) paradigms will more efficiently use the hardware resources. Such a model checker can be designed by having each node employ two shared memory threads that run on the (typically) two CPUs of a node, with one thread responsible for state generation, and the other for efficient communication, including (i) performing overlapped asynchronous message passing, and (ii) aggregating the states to be sent into larger chunks in order to improve communication network utilization. We present the design details of such a novel model checking architecture called Eddy. We describe the design rationale, details of how the threads interact and yield control, exchange messages, as well as detect termination. We have realized an instance of this architecture for the Murphi modeling language. Called Eddy_Murphi, we report its performance over the number of nodes as well as communication parameters such as those controlling state aggregation. Nearly linear reduction of compute time with increasing number of nodes is observed. Our thread task partition is done in such a way that it is modular, easy to port across different modeling languages, and easy to tune across a variety of platforms.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer - Verlag	Place of Publication		Editor	Valmari, A.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Lecture Notes in Computer Science	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	3925	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-540-33102-5	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Mpsykg06			Serial	81
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	Author	Melatti, Igor; Palmer, Robert; Sawaya, Geoffrey; Yang, Yu; Kirby, Robert Mike; Gopalakrishnan, Ganesh
	Title	Parallel and distributed model checking in Eddy			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Int. J. Softw. Tools Technol. Transf.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	1	Pages	13-25
	Keywords
	Abstract	Model checking of safety properties can be scaled up by pooling the CPU and memory resources of multiple computers. As compute clusters containing 100s of nodes, with each node realized using multi-core (e.g., 2) CPUs will be widespread, a model checker based on the parallel (shared memory) and distributed (message passing) paradigms will more efficiently use the hardware resources. Such a model checker can be designed by having each node employ two shared memory threads that run on the (typically) two CPUs of a node, with one thread responsible for state generation, and the other for efficient communication, including (1) performing overlapped asynchronous message passing, and (2) aggregating the states to be sent into larger chunks in order to improve communication network utilization. We present the design details of such a novel model checking architecture called Eddy. We describe the design rationale, details of how the threads interact and yield control, exchange messages, as well as detect termination. We have realized an instance of this architecture for the Murphi modeling language. Called Eddy_Murphi, we report its performance over the number of nodes as well as communication parameters such as those controlling state aggregation. Nearly linear reduction of compute time with increasing number of nodes is observed. Our thread task partition is done in such a way that it is modular, easy to port across different modeling languages, and easy to tune across a variety of platforms.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer-Verlag	Place of Publication	Berlin, Heidelberg	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-2779	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Mpsykg09			Serial	80
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	Author	Della Penna, Giuseppe; Magazzeni, Daniele; Tofani, Alberto; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Automated Generation of Optimal Controllers through Model Checking Techniques			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Icinco-Icso	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	26-33
	Keywords
	Abstract	We present a methodology for the synthesis of controllers, which exploits (explicit) model checking techniques. That is, we can cope with the systematic exploration of a very large state space. This methodology can be applied to systems where other approaches fail. In particular, we can consider systems with an highly non-linear dynamics and lacking a uniform mathematical description (model). We can also consider situations where the required control action cannot be specified as a local action, and rather a kind of planning is required. Our methodology individuates first a raw optimal controller, then extends it to obtain a more robust one. A case study is presented which considers the well known truck-trailer obstacle avoidance parking problem, in a parking lot with obstacles on it. The complex non-linear dynamics of the truck-trailer system, within the presence of obstacles, makes the parking problem extremely hard. We show how, by our methodology, we can obtain optimal controllers with different degrees of robustness.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	INSTICC Press	Place of Publication		Editor	Andrade-Cetto, J.; Ferrier, J.-L.; Pereira, J. M. C. D.; Filipe, J.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	972-8865-59-7	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Dimmtt06			Serial	79
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