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	Author	Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	From Boolean Functional Equations to Control Software			Type	Report
	Year	2011	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	abs/1106.0468	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) at most O(nr), being n = \|x\| the number of arguments of functions in F and r the number of functions in F.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	CoRR, Technical Report	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @			Serial	105
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	Author	Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Synthesizing Control Software from Boolean Relations			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2012	Publication	International Journal on Advances in Software	Abbreviated Journal	Intern. Journal on Advances in SW
	Volume	vol. 5, nr 3&4	Issue		Pages	212-223
	Keywords	Control Software Synthesis; Embedded Systems; Model Checking
	Abstract	Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately, the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper, we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a worst case execution time linear in nr, being n = \|x\| the number of input arguments for functions in F and r the number of functions in F. Moreover, a formal proof of the proposed algorithm correctness is also shown. Finally, we present experimental results showing effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IARIA	Place of Publication		Editor	Luigi Lavazza
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1942-2628	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ melatti @			Serial	108
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	Author	Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Model Based Synthesis of Control Software from System Level Formal Specifications			Type	Report
	Year	2013	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	abs/1107.5638	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	Many Embedded Systems are indeed Software Based Control Systems, that is control systems whose controller consists of control software running on a microcontroller device. This motivates investigation on Formal Model Based Design approaches for automatic synthesis of embedded systems control software. We present an algorithm, along with a tool QKS implementing it, that from a formal model (as a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System) of the controlled system (plant), implementation specifications (that is, number of bits in the Analog-to-Digital, AD, conversion) and System Level Formal Specifications (that is, safety and liveness requirements for the closed loop system) returns correct-by-construction control software that has a Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) linear in the number of AD bits and meets the given specifications. We show feasibility of our approach by presenting experimental results on using it to synthesize control software for a buck DC-DC converter, a widely used mixed-mode analog circuit, and for the inverted pendulum.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	CoRR, Technical Report	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @			Serial	104
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	Author	Alimguzhin, Vadim; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	On-the-Fly Control Software Synthesis			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Proceedings of International SPIN Symposium on Model Checking of Software (SPIN 2013)	Abbreviated Journal	International SPIN Symposium on Model Checking of Software
	Volume		Issue		Pages	61-80
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer - Verlag	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Lecture Notes in Computer Science	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	7976	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-39175-0	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ melatti @			Serial	111
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	Author	Mancini, Toni; Mari, Federico; Massini, Annalisa; Melatti, Igor; Merli, Fabio; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	System Level Formal Verification via Model Checking Driven Simulation			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2013	Publication	Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification. July 13-19, 2013, Saint Petersburg, Russia	Abbreviated Journal	CAV 2013
	Volume		Issue		Pages	296-312
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer - Verlag	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Lecture Notes in Computer Science	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	8044	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-642-39798-1	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @			Serial	113
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	Author	Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Linear Constraints and Guarded Predicates as a Modeling Language for Discrete Time Hybrid Systems			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication	International Journal on Advances in Software	Abbreviated Journal	Intern. Journal on Advances in SW
	Volume	vol. 6, nr 1&2	Issue		Pages	155-169
	Keywords	Model-based software design; Linear predicates; Hybrid systems
	Abstract	Model based design is particularly appealing in software based control systems (e.g., embedded software) design, since in such a case system level specifications are much easier to define than the control software behavior itself. In turn, model based design of embedded systems requires modeling both continuous subsystems (typically, the plant) as well as discrete subsystems (the controller). This is typically done using hybrid systems. Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) based abstraction techniques have been successfully applied to automatically synthesize correct-by-construction control software for discrete time linear hybrid systems, where plant dynamics is modeled as a linear predicate over state, input, and next state variables. Unfortunately, MILP solvers require such linear predicates to be conjunctions of linear constraints, which is not a natural way of modeling hybrid systems. In this paper we show that, under the hypothesis that each variable ranges over a bounded interval, any linear predicate built upon conjunction and disjunction of linear constraints can be automatically translated into an equivalent conjunctive predicate. Since variable bounds play a key role in this translation, our algorithm includes a procedure to compute all implicit variable bounds of the given linear predicate. Furthermore, we show that a particular form of linear predicates, namely guarded predicates, are a natural and powerful language to succinctly model discrete time linear hybrid systems dynamics. Finally, we experimentally show the feasibility of our approach on an important and challenging case study taken from the literature, namely the multi-input Buck DC-DC Converter. As an example, the guarded predicate that models (with 57 constraints) a 6-inputs Buck DC-DC Converter is translated in a conjunctive predicate (with 102 linear constraints) in about 40 minutes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IARIA	Place of Publication		Editor	Luigi Lavazza
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1942-2628	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ melatti @			Serial	115
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	Author	Intrigila, Benedetto; Magazzeni, Daniele; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	A Model Checking Technique for the Verification of Fuzzy Control Systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	CIMCA '05: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet Commerce Vol-1 (CIMCA-IAWTIC'06)	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	536-542
	Keywords
	Abstract	Fuzzy control is well known as a powerful technique for designing and realizing control systems. However, statistical evidence for their correct behavior may be not enough, even when it is based on a large number of samplings. In order to provide a more systematic verification process, the cell-to-cell mapping technology has been used in a number of cases as a verification tool for fuzzy control systems and, more recently, to assess their optimality and robustness. However, cell-to-cell mapping is typically limited in the number of cells it can explore. To overcome this limitation, in this paper we show how model checking techniques may be instead used to verify the correct behavior of a fuzzy control system. To this end, we use a modified version of theMurphi verifier, which ease the modeling phase by allowing to use finite precision real numbers and external C functions. In this way, also already designed simulators may be used for the verification phase. With respect to the cell mapping technique, our approach appears to be complementary; indeed, it explores a much larger number of states, at the cost of being less informative on the global dynamic of the system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IEEE Computer Society	Place of Publication	Washington, DC, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0-7695-2504-0-01	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Immt05			Serial	75
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	Author	Della Penna, Giuseppe; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Exploiting Hub States in Automatic Verification			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Automated Technology for Verification and Analysis: Third International Symposium, ATVA 2005, Taipei, Taiwan, October 4-7, 2005, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	54-68
	Keywords
	Abstract	In this paper we present a new algorithm to counteract state explosion when using Explicit State Space Exploration to verify protocol-like systems. We sketch the implementation of our algorithm within the Caching Mur$\varphi$ verifier and give experimental results showing its effectiveness. We show experimentally that, when memory is a scarce resource, our algorithm improves on the time performances of Caching Mur$\varphi$ verification algorithm, saving between 16% and 68% (45% on average) in computation time.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor	D.A. Peled; Y.-K. Tsay
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Lecture Notes in Computer Science	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	3707	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	3-540-29209-8	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Dimt04			Serial	83
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	Author	Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tofani, Alberto; Macchiarelli, Guido
	Title	Computational models of myocardial endomysial collagen arrangement			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	86	Issue	3	Pages	232-244
	Keywords
	Abstract	Collagen extracellular matrix is one of the factors related to high passive stiffness of cardiac muscle. However, the architecture and the mechanical aspects of the cardiac collagen matrix are not completely known. In particular, endomysial collagen contribution to the passive mechanics of cardiac muscle as well as its micro anatomical arrangement is still a matter of debate. In order to investigate mechanical and structural properties of endomysial collagen, we consider two alternative computational models of some specific aspects of the cardiac muscle. These two models represent two different views of endomysial collagen distribution: (1) the traditional view and (2) a new view suggested by the data obtained from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in NaOH macerated samples (a method for isolating collagen from the other tissue). We model the myocardial tissue as a net of spring elements representing the cardiomyocytes together with the endomysial collagen distribution. Each element is a viscous elastic spring, characterized by an elastic and a viscous constant. We connect these springs to imitate the interconnections between collagen fibers. Then we apply to the net of springs some external forces of suitable magnitude and direction, obtaining an extension of the net itself. In our setting, the ratio forces magnitude /net extension is intended to model the stress /strain ratio of a microscopical portion of the myocardial tissue. To solve the problem of the correct identification of the values of the different parameters involved, we use an artificial neural network approach. In particular, we use this technique to learn, given a distribution of external forces, the elastic constants of the springs needed to obtain a desired extension as an equilibrium position. Our experimental findings show that, in the model of collagen distribution structured according to the new view, a given stress /strain ratio (of the net of springs, in the sense specified above) is obtained with much smaller (w.r.t. the other model, corresponding to the traditional view) elasticity constants of the springs. This seems to indicate that by an appropriate structure, a given stiffness of the myocardial tissue can be obtained with endomysial collagen fibers of much smaller size.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier North-Holland, Inc.	Place of Publication	New York, NY, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0169-2607	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Imtm07			Serial	82
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	Author	Melatti, Igor; Palmer, Robert; Sawaya, Geoffrey; Yang, Yu; Kirby, Robert Mike; Gopalakrishnan, Ganesh
	Title	Parallel and Distributed Model Checking in Eddy			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Model Checking Software, 13th International SPIN Workshop, Vienna, Austria, March 30 – April 1, 2006, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	108-125
	Keywords
	Abstract	Model checking of safety properties can be scaled up by pooling the CPU and memory resources of multiple computers. As compute clusters containing 100s of nodes, with each node realized using multi-core (e.g., 2) CPUs will be widespread, a model checker based on the parallel (shared memory) and distributed (message passing) paradigms will more efficiently use the hardware resources. Such a model checker can be designed by having each node employ two shared memory threads that run on the (typically) two CPUs of a node, with one thread responsible for state generation, and the other for efficient communication, including (i) performing overlapped asynchronous message passing, and (ii) aggregating the states to be sent into larger chunks in order to improve communication network utilization. We present the design details of such a novel model checking architecture called Eddy. We describe the design rationale, details of how the threads interact and yield control, exchange messages, as well as detect termination. We have realized an instance of this architecture for the Murphi modeling language. Called Eddy_Murphi, we report its performance over the number of nodes as well as communication parameters such as those controlling state aggregation. Nearly linear reduction of compute time with increasing number of nodes is observed. Our thread task partition is done in such a way that it is modular, easy to port across different modeling languages, and easy to tune across a variety of platforms.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer - Verlag	Place of Publication		Editor	Valmari, A.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Lecture Notes in Computer Science	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	3925	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-540-33102-5	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Mpsykg06			Serial	81
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