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	Author	Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	From Boolean Relations to Control Software			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Proceedings of ICSEA 2011, The Sixth International Conference on Software Engineering Advances	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	528-533
	Keywords
	Abstract	Many software as well digital hardware automatic synthesis methods define the set of implementations meeting the given system specifications with a boolean relation K. In such a context a fundamental step in the software (hardware) synthesis process is finding effective solutions to the functional equation defined by K. This entails finding a (set of) boolean function(s) F (typically represented using OBDDs, Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams) such that: 1) for all x for which K is satisfiable, K(x, F(x)) = 1 holds; 2) the implementation of F is efficient with respect to given implementation parameters such as code size or execution time. While this problem has been widely studied in digital hardware synthesis, little has been done in a software synthesis context. Unfortunately the approaches developed for hardware synthesis cannot be directly used in a software context. This motivates investigation of effective methods to solve the above problem when F has to be implemented with software. In this paper we present an algorithm that, from an OBDD representation for K, generates a C code implementation for F that has the same size as the OBDD for F and a WCET (Worst Case Execution Time) linear in nr, being n = \|x\| the number of input arguments for functions in F and r the number of functions in F.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	ThinkMind	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-61208-165-6	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	Best Paper Award			Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ icsea11			Serial	14
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	Author	Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Synthesis of Quantized Feedback Control Software for Discrete Time Linear Hybrid Systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Computer Aided Verification	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	180-195
	Keywords
	Abstract	We present an algorithm that given a Discrete Time Linear Hybrid System returns a correct-by-construction software implementation K for a (near time optimal) robust quantized feedback controller for along with the set of states on which K is guaranteed to work correctly (controllable region). Furthermore, K has a Worst Case Execution Time linear in the number of bits of the quantization schema.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer Berlin / Heidelberg	Place of Publication		Editor	Touili, T.; Cook, B.; Jackson, P.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Lecture Notes in Computer Science	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	6174	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ cav2010			Serial	16
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	Author	Bobbio, Andrea; Ciancamerla, Ester; Di Blasi, Saverio; Iacomini, Alessandro; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Minichino, Michele; Scarlatti, Alessandro; Tronci, Enrico; Terruggia, Roberta; Zendri, Emilio
	Title	Risk analysis via heterogeneous models of SCADA interconnecting Power Grids and Telco networks			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Proceedings of Fourth International Conference on Risks and Security of Internet and Systems (CRiSIS)	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	90-97
	Keywords
	Abstract	The automation of power grids by means of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems has led to an improvement of power grid operations and functionalities but also to pervasive cyber interdependencies between power grids and telecommunication networks. Many power grid services are increasingly depending upon the adequate functionality of SCADA system which in turn strictly depends on the adequate functionality of its communication infrastructure. We propose to tackle the SCADA risk analysis by means of different and heterogeneous modeling techniques and software tools. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach through a case study on an actual SCADA system for an electrical power distribution grid. The modeling techniques we discuss aim at providing a probabilistic dependability analysis, followed by a worst case analysis in presence of malicious attacks and a real-time performance evaluation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference	Fourth International Conference on Risks and Security of Internet and Systems (CRiSIS)
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ crisis09			Serial	17
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	Author	Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico; Alvisi, Lorenzo; Clement, Allen; Li, Harry
	Title	Model Checking Coalition Nash Equilibria in MAD Distributed Systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Stabilization, Safety, and Security of Distributed Systems, 11th International Symposium, SSS 2009, Lyon, France, November 3-6, 2009. Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	531-546
	Keywords
	Abstract	We present two OBDD based model checking algorithms for the verification of Nash equilibria in finite state mechanisms modeling Multiple Administrative Domains (MAD) distributed systems with possibly colluding agents (coalitions) and with possibly faulty or malicious nodes (Byzantine agents). Given a finite state mechanism, a proposed protocol for each agent and the maximum sizes f for Byzantine agents and q for agents collusions, our model checkers return Pass if the proposed protocol is an ε-f-q-Nash equilibrium, i.e. no coalition of size up to q may have an interest greater than ε in deviating from the proposed protocol when up to f Byzantine agents are present, Fail otherwise. We implemented our model checking algorithms within the NuSMV model checker: the first one explicitly checks equilibria for each coalition, while the second represents symbolically all coalitions. We present experimental results showing their effectiveness for moderate size mechanisms. For example, we can verify coalition Nash equilibria for mechanisms which corresponding normal form games would have more than $5 \times 10^21$ entries. Moreover, we compare the two approaches, and the explicit algorithm turns out to outperform the symbolic one. To the best of our knowledge, no model checking algorithm for verification of Nash equilibria of mechanisms with coalitions has been previously published.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication		Editor	Guerraoui, R.; Petit, F.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Lecture Notes in Computer Science	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	5873	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ sss09			Serial	19
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	Author	Mazzini, Silvia; Puri, Stefano; Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Formal Verification at System Level			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2009	Publication	In: DAta Systems In Aerospace (DASIA), Org. EuroSpace, Canadian Space Agency, CNES, ESA, EUMETSAT. Instanbul, Turkey, EuroSpace	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract	System Level Analysis calls for a language comprehensible to experts with different background and yet precise enough to support meaningful analyses. SysML is emerging as an effective balance between such conflicting goals. In this paper we outline some the results obtained as for SysML based system level functional formal verification by an ESA/ESTEC study, with a collaboration among INTECS and La Sapienza University of Roma. The study focuses on SysML based system level functional requirements techniques.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Dasia09			Serial	20
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	Author	Intrigila, Benedetto; Magazzeni, Daniele; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	A Model Checking Technique for the Verification of Fuzzy Control Systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2005	Publication	CIMCA '05: Proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Intelligence for Modelling, Control and Automation and International Conference on Intelligent Agents, Web Technologies and Internet Commerce Vol-1 (CIMCA-IAWTIC'06)	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	536-542
	Keywords
	Abstract	Fuzzy control is well known as a powerful technique for designing and realizing control systems. However, statistical evidence for their correct behavior may be not enough, even when it is based on a large number of samplings. In order to provide a more systematic verification process, the cell-to-cell mapping technology has been used in a number of cases as a verification tool for fuzzy control systems and, more recently, to assess their optimality and robustness. However, cell-to-cell mapping is typically limited in the number of cells it can explore. To overcome this limitation, in this paper we show how model checking techniques may be instead used to verify the correct behavior of a fuzzy control system. To this end, we use a modified version of theMurphi verifier, which ease the modeling phase by allowing to use finite precision real numbers and external C functions. In this way, also already designed simulators may be used for the verification phase. With respect to the cell mapping technique, our approach appears to be complementary; indeed, it explores a much larger number of states, at the cost of being less informative on the global dynamic of the system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IEEE Computer Society	Place of Publication	Washington, DC, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0-7695-2504-0-01	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Immt05			Serial	75
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	Author	Brizzolari, Francesco; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico; Della Penna, Giuseppe
	Title	Disk Based Software Verification via Bounded Model Checking			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2007	Publication	APSEC '07: Proceedings of the 14th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	358-365
	Keywords
	Abstract	One of the most successful approach to automatic software verification is SAT based bounded model checking (BMC). One of the main factors limiting the size of programs that can be automatically verified via BMC is the huge number of clauses that the backend SAT solver has to process. In fact, because of this, the SAT solver may easily run out of RAM. We present two disk based algorithms that can considerably decrease the number of clauses that a BMC backend SAT solver has to process in RAM. Our experimental results show that using our disk based algorithms we can automatically verify programs that are out of reach for RAM based BMC.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IEEE Computer Society	Place of Publication	Washington, DC, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0-7695-3057-5	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Bmtd07			Serial	76
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	Author	Della Penna, Giuseppe; Magazzeni, Daniele; Tofani, Alberto; Intrigila, Benedetto; Melatti, Igor; Tronci, Enrico
	Title	Automated Generation of Optimal Controllers through Model Checking Techniques			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Icinco-Icso	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	26-33
	Keywords
	Abstract	We present a methodology for the synthesis of controllers, which exploits (explicit) model checking techniques. That is, we can cope with the systematic exploration of a very large state space. This methodology can be applied to systems where other approaches fail. In particular, we can consider systems with an highly non-linear dynamics and lacking a uniform mathematical description (model). We can also consider situations where the required control action cannot be specified as a local action, and rather a kind of planning is required. Our methodology individuates first a raw optimal controller, then extends it to obtain a more robust one. A case study is presented which considers the well known truck-trailer obstacle avoidance parking problem, in a parking lot with obstacles on it. The complex non-linear dynamics of the truck-trailer system, within the presence of obstacles, makes the parking problem extremely hard. We show how, by our methodology, we can obtain optimal controllers with different degrees of robustness.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	INSTICC Press	Place of Publication		Editor	Andrade-Cetto, J.; Ferrier, J.-L.; Pereira, J. M. C. D.; Filipe, J.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	972-8865-59-7	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Dimmtt06			Serial	79
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	Author	Melatti, Igor; Palmer, Robert; Sawaya, Geoffrey; Yang, Yu; Kirby, Robert Mike; Gopalakrishnan, Ganesh
	Title	Parallel and Distributed Model Checking in Eddy			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Model Checking Software, 13th International SPIN Workshop, Vienna, Austria, March 30 – April 1, 2006, Proceedings	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	108-125
	Keywords
	Abstract	Model checking of safety properties can be scaled up by pooling the CPU and memory resources of multiple computers. As compute clusters containing 100s of nodes, with each node realized using multi-core (e.g., 2) CPUs will be widespread, a model checker based on the parallel (shared memory) and distributed (message passing) paradigms will more efficiently use the hardware resources. Such a model checker can be designed by having each node employ two shared memory threads that run on the (typically) two CPUs of a node, with one thread responsible for state generation, and the other for efficient communication, including (i) performing overlapped asynchronous message passing, and (ii) aggregating the states to be sent into larger chunks in order to improve communication network utilization. We present the design details of such a novel model checking architecture called Eddy. We describe the design rationale, details of how the threads interact and yield control, exchange messages, as well as detect termination. We have realized an instance of this architecture for the Murphi modeling language. Called Eddy_Murphi, we report its performance over the number of nodes as well as communication parameters such as those controlling state aggregation. Nearly linear reduction of compute time with increasing number of nodes is observed. Our thread task partition is done in such a way that it is modular, easy to port across different modeling languages, and easy to tune across a variety of platforms.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer - Verlag	Place of Publication		Editor	Valmari, A.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Lecture Notes in Computer Science	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	3925	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0302-9743	ISBN	978-3-540-33102-5	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ Mpsykg06			Serial	81
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	Author	Mari, Federico; Melatti, Igor; Salvo, Ivano; Tronci, Enrico; Alvisi, Lorenzo; Clement, Allen; Li, Harry
	Title	Model Checking Nash Equilibria in MAD Distributed Systems			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2008	Publication	FMCAD '08: Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-8
	Keywords	Model Checking, MAD Distributed System, Nash Equilibrium
	Abstract	We present a symbolic model checking algorithm for verification of Nash equilibria in finite state mechanisms modeling Multiple Administrative Domains (MAD) distributed systems. Given a finite state mechanism, a proposed protocol for each agent and an indifference threshold for rewards, our model checker returns PASS if the proposed protocol is a Nash equilibrium (up to the given indifference threshold) for the given mechanism, FAIL otherwise. We implemented our model checking algorithm inside the NuSMV model checker and present experimental results showing its effectiveness for moderate size mechanisms. For example, we can handle mechanisms which corresponding normal form games would have more than $10^20$ entries. To the best of our knowledge, no model checking algorithm for verification of mechanism Nash equilibria has been previously published.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IEEE Press	Place of Publication	Piscataway, NJ, USA	Editor	Cimatti, A.; Jones, R.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-4244-2735-2	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	yes
	Call Number	Sapienza @ mari @ MarMelSalTroAlvCle08			Serial	93
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