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T. Mancini, F. Mari, A. Massini, I. Melatti, and E. Tronci. "Anytime system level verification via parallel random exhaustive hardware in the loop simulation." Microprocessors and Microsystems 41 (2016): 12–28. ISSN: 0141-9331. DOI: 10.1016/j.micpro.2015.10.010.
Abstract: Abstract System level verification of cyber-physical systems has the goal of verifying that the whole (i.e., software + hardware) system meets the given specifications. Model checkers for hybrid systems cannot handle system level verification of actual systems. Thus, Hardware In the Loop Simulation (HILS) is currently the main workhorse for system level verification. By using model checking driven exhaustive HILS, System Level Formal Verification (SLFV) can be effectively carried out for actual systems. We present a parallel random exhaustive HILS based model checker for hybrid systems that, by simulating all operational scenarios exactly once in a uniform random order, is able to provide, at any time during the verification process, an upper bound to the probability that the System Under Verification exhibits an error in a yet-to-be-simulated scenario (Omission Probability). We show effectiveness of the proposed approach by presenting experimental results on SLFV of the Inverted Pendulum on a Cart and the Fuel Control System examples in the Simulink distribution. To the best of our knowledge, no previously published model checker can exhaustively verify hybrid systems of such a size and provide at any time an upper bound to the Omission Probability.
Keywords: Model Checking of Hybrid Systems; Model checking driven simulation; Hardware in the loop simulation
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V. Alimguzhin, F. Mari, I. Melatti, I. Salvo, and E. Tronci. "Linearising Discrete Time Hybrid Systems." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 62, no. 10 (2017): 5357–5364. ISSN: 0018-9286. DOI: 10.1109/TAC.2017.2694559.
Abstract: Model Based Design approaches for embedded systems aim at generating correct-by-construction control software, guaranteeing that the closed loop system (controller and plant) meets given system level formal specifications. This technical note addresses control synthesis for safety and reachability properties of possibly non-linear discrete time hybrid systems. By means of syntactical transformations that require non-linear terms to be Lipschitz continuous functions, we over-approximate non-linear dynamics with a linear system whose controllers are guaranteed to be controllers of the original system. We evaluate performance of our approach on meaningful control synthesis benchmarks, also comparing it to a state-of-the-art tool.
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Enrico Tronci, Giuseppe Della Penna, Benedetto Intrigila, and Marisa Venturini Zilli. "A Probabilistic Approach to Automatic Verification of Concurrent Systems." In 8th Asia-Pacific Software Engineering Conference (APSEC), 317–324. Macau, China: IEEE Computer Society, 2001. ISSN: 0-7695-1408-1. DOI: 10.1109/APSEC.2001.991495.
Abstract: The main barrier to automatic verification of concurrent systems is the huge amount of memory required to complete the verification task (state explosion). In this paper we present a probabilistic algorithm for automatic verification via model checking. Our algorithm trades space with time. In particular, when memory is full because of state explosion our algorithm does not give up verification. Instead it just proceeds at a lower speed and its results will only hold with some arbitrarily small error probability. Our preliminary experimental results show that by using our probabilistic algorithm we can typically save more than 30% of RAM with an average time penalty of about 100% w.r.t. a deterministic state space exploration with enough memory to complete the verification task. This is better than giving up the verification task because of lack of memory.
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I. Melatti, F. Mari, T. Mancini, M. Prodanovic, and E. Tronci. "A Two-Layer Near-Optimal Strategy for Substation Constraint Management via Home Batteries." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics (2021): 1. Notes: To appear. DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2021.3102431.
Abstract: Within electrical distribution networks, substation constraints management requires that aggregated power demand from residential users is kept within suitable bounds. Efficiency of substation constraints management can be measured as the reduction of constraints violations w.r.t. unmanaged demand. Home batteries hold the promise of enabling efficient and user-oblivious substation constraints management. Centralized control of home batteries would achieve optimal efficiency. However, it is hardly acceptable by users, since service providers (e.g., utilities or aggregators) would directly control batteries at user premises. Unfortunately, devising efficient hierarchical control strategies, thus overcoming the above problem, is far from easy. We present a novel two-layer control strategy for home batteries that avoids direct control of home devices by the service provider and at the same time yields near-optimal substation constraints management efficiency. Our simulation results on field data from 62 households in Denmark show that the substation constraints management efficiency achieved with our approach is at least 82% of the one obtained with a theoretical optimal centralized strategy.
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Federico Cavaliere, Federico Mari, Igor Melatti, Giovanni Minei, Ivano Salvo, Enrico Tronci, Giovanni Verzino, and Yuri Yushtein. "Model Checking Satellite Operational Procedures." In DAta Systems In Aerospace (DASIA), Org. EuroSpace, Canadian Space Agency, CNES, ESA, EUMETSAT. San Anton, Malta, EuroSpace., 2011.
Abstract: We present a model checking approach for the automatic verification of satellite operational procedures (OPs). Building a model for a complex system as a satellite is a hard task. We overcome this obstruction by using a suitable simulator (SIMSAT) for the satellite. Our approach aims at improving OP quality assurance by automatic exhaustive exploration of all possible simulation scenarios. Moreover, our solution decreases OP verification costs by using a model checker (CMurphi) to automatically drive the simulator. We model OPs as user-executed programs observing the simulator telemetries and sending telecommands to the simulator. In order to assess feasibility of our approach we present experimental results on a simple meaningful scenario. Our results show that we can save up to 90% of verification time.
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Verzino Giovanni, Federico Cavaliere, Federico Mari, Igor Melatti, Giovanni Minei, Ivano Salvo, Yuri Yushtein, and Enrico Tronci. "Model checking driven simulation of sat procedures." In Proceedings of 12th International Conference on Space Operations (SpaceOps 2012)., 2012. DOI: 10.2514/6.2012-1275611.
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Toni Mancini, Federico Mari, Annalisa Massini, Igor Melatti, and Enrico Tronci. "System Level Formal Verification via Distributed Multi-Core Hardware in the Loop Simulation." In Proc. of the 22nd Euromicro International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Network-Based Processing. IEEE Computer Society, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/PDP.2014.32.
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E. Tronci, T. Mancini, F. Mari, I. Melatti, R. H. Jacobsen, E. Ebeid, S. A. Mikkelsen, M. Prodanovic, J. K. Gruber, and B. Hayes. "SmartHG: Energy Demand Aware Open Services for Smart Grid Intelligent Automation." In Proceedings of the Work in Progress Session of SEAA/DSD 2014., 2014. ISBN: 978-3-902457-40-0.
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T. Mancini, F. Mari, A. Massini, I. Melatti, I. Salvo, and E. Tronci. "On minimising the maximum expected verification time." Information Processing Letters (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.ipl.2017.02.001.
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E. Tronci, T. Mancini, I. Salvo, F. Mari, I. Melatti, A. Massini, S. Sinisi, F. Davì, T. Dierkes, R. Ehrig et al. "Patient-Specific Models from Inter-Patient Biological Models and Clinical Records." In Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design (FMCAD)., 2014. DOI: 10.1109/FMCAD.2014.6987615.
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